
2025-30
ʻO nā waiwai kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻia e hana ia i kahi mea kūpono no nā electrodes i nā noi likeʻole. E hoʻohanaʻia kēiaʻatikala i nā kumu ma hope o kona hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana o konaʻano, eʻimi ana i nā mea pono a me nā kaupalenaʻana, a e nānā ana i nā noi kiko'ī Hoʻohanaʻia ke kiʻi ma keʻano he electrode.
ʻO nā kiʻi uila uila a me nā kiʻi uila uila o ke kiʻiʻana mai kānaʻano hoʻonohonohoʻana. Ma loko o kēlā me kēia papa, ua paʻa paʻa mau nā carbon atoms i kahi lattice hexagonal, eʻae no ka neʻeʻana o ka neʻeʻana o nā electrons. Hoʻopiliʻia kēia'ōnaehana uila uila i kēia manawa e hana ai i kēia manawa, e hana ana mooki kahi koho maikaʻi loa no uila. ^. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona alakaʻi ma mua o nā mea'ē aʻe'ē aʻe-metallic'ē aʻe.
He nui nā kaʻina uila uila e hāʻawi ai i ka wela nui. Kiʻiʻia Hiki i keʻano o ke kūpaʻa TRUMS kiʻekiʻe e like me ka nui o nā mahana kiʻekiʻe me kaʻole o ka degradation koʻikoʻi, e hōʻoia ana i ka hana maʻamau a me kahi ola lōʻihi no ka uila. ^. Pono kēia i kūpono no nā noi noi kiʻekiʻe e like me keʻano aluminim.
I nā noi noi uila e pili ana, ka uila pono e pale i ka hoʻouka kauaʻana mai ka electrolyte. Kiʻiʻia ʻO nā mea iʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea lapaʻau e pili ana i kona liloʻana i kona longontity a pale aku i ka lukuʻana o ke kaʻina hana. ʻOiaiʻaʻole loa i loko,ʻo kona paleʻana i ka corrosio he mamao loa i nā mea he nui loa. Ke hilinaʻi nei nā mea kiko'ī kiko'ī ma keʻano o ke kiʻi kiʻi a me ka electrolyte i hoʻohanaʻia.
Mooki loaʻa i kahi kaulike o ka ikaika mechanical a me ka maninia. ʻAe kēia no ka hoʻokumuʻana o nā koho uila o ka hopena i hoʻopiliʻia i nā noi kiko'ī. Hiki ke maʻalahi maʻalahi i loko o nāʻano likeʻole, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hanaʻana o ka mea kūikawā uila no nā koiʻana i nā wahi.

Nā uila uila Eʻike i ka hoʻohana nuiʻana ma waena o nāʻoihana liʻiliʻi. E loaʻa i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kī:

| Waiwai | Mea kūʻai uila | Kūlohelohe | Kālā |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mooki | Kiʻekiʻe | Kiʻekiʻe | Loli |
| Liulaala | Kiʻekiʻe loa | Loli | Kiʻekiʻe |
| Kila kohu ʻole | Loli | Kiʻekiʻe | Loli |
ʻO ka huiʻana o keʻano uila kiʻekiʻe,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka galani mooki he mea waiwai nui no uila i kahi ākea ākea o nā noi hana. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono mooki e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kona hoʻomauʻana i nāʻenehana electrochemical.