Dab tsi yog tar coal tar's sustainable siv? 

Thaum koj hnov ​​cov thee tar, feem ntau lub siab dhia ncaj nraim mus rau nws cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qub pavements los yog ib qho teeb meem los ntawm cov khoom. Qhov ntawd yog qhov pom ntawm theem. Qhov kev sib tham tiag tiag, ib qho uas peb muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag hauv pem teb thiab hauv R&D labs, yog hais txog kev nyem txhua qhov txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov txheej txheem hydrocarbon sib xyaw rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas sib haum nrog cov khoom siv niaj hnub no. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev txhawb nqa yav dhau los, tab sis hais txog kev hloov pauv nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig - cov ntsiab lus carbon siab, muaj peev xwm khi, thermal stability - rau hauv txoj kev lag luam uas ua rau muaj kev nkag siab niaj hnub no. Lub kaum sab xis sustainability tsis yog ib qho tshuaj ntsuab; nws yog ib qho pragmatic, feem ntau gritty, txheej txheem ntawm kev nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv muaj nqis dua uas tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv nkauj xwb los yog ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo. Cia peb khawb mus rau qhov uas tau tshwm sim tiag tiag, cov teeb meem, thiab cov tswv yim tseeb uas tsis ua rau hauv daim ntawv qhia glossy.

Reframing the By-Product: Los ntawm khib nyiab mus rau Feedstock

Thawj kauj ruam yog kev hloov kev xav. Hauv kev sib xyaw steel thiab coke nroj tsuag, thee tar tsis pov tseg; nws yog cov khoom noj tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam carbon. Zaj dab neeg sustainability pib tam sim ntawd - tiv thaiv nws cov pov tseg lossis kev sib txuas yooj yim thiab tsis txhob ntes nws cov molecular complexity. Kuv tau pom cov haujlwm uas lub hom phiaj tsuas yog tshem tawm cov khoom, tab sis qhov ntawd tau hloov. Tam sim no, tus tsav yog kho nws raws li qhov pib taw tes rau ib qho cascade ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov pa roj carbon yield los ntawm thee tar pitch, thawj derivative, yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Qhov no txhais tau tias rau txhua tuj ntawm lub suab siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev los yog impregnation, koj tau zoo sequestering carbon rau hauv cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov uas kav ntev xyoo, txawm tias kaum xyoo. Nws yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon capture thiab siv, txawm tias ib qho kev lag luam.

Qhov no tsis yog theoretical. Cov tuam txhab uas muaj vertically kev koom ua ke, xws li Hebei Yaofa Carbon Co., Ltd., ua hauj lwm raws li txoj cai no. Nrog rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo hauv av, lawv pom cov dej ntws los ntawm cov thee tar rau cov khoom tiav carbon tsis yog cov txheej txheem sib cais tab sis raws li cov saw txuas. Ntawm lawv lub platform ntawm YaOfatansu.com, koj tuaj yeem taug qab qhov kev xav no: lawv sau cov thee tar suab ua cov ntsiab lus carbon additive. Nws siv hauv kev tsim khoom Graphite electrodes rau hluav taws xob arc rauv (EAF) steelmaking yog ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb. Lub suab khi cov roj av coke, thiab los ntawm kev ci thiab graphitization, dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb, kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov electrode. Cov electrode ntawd ua rau cov khoom siv hlau rov ua dua tshiab - cov txheej txheem kev lag luam loj. Yog li, cov thee tar derivative yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lwm qhov kev lag luam.

Tau kawg, dab ntxwg nyoog yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus. Tsis yog tag nrho tar yog sib npaug. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv wildly raws li qhov chaw thee thiab coking kub. Kev siv ruaj khov yuav tsum suav rau qhov tsis sib xws. Peb siv sijhawm ntau rau kev tswj xyuas kom zoo thiab sib xyaw kom ua tiav cov lus qhia meej rau viscosity, softening point, thiab quinoline-insoluble cov ntsiab lus. Ib pawg ua tsis tiav ntawm no tsis yog txhais tau tias yog cov khoom lag luam subpar; Nws tuaj yeem txhais tau tias qhov sib txawv ntawm ib qho electrode uas ua tau zoo thiab ib qho uas tawg ua ntej, nkim tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, kev siv kom ruaj khov yog txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo, txhim khu kev qha ua ntej.

Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm: Coal Tar Pitch hauv Carbon Manufacturing

Kev dhia dej mus rau hauv daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: raws li kev khi thiab impregnant. Yog tias koj tau mus ncig ib tsob ntoo carbon, qhov tsis hnov ​​​​tsw yog qhov tsis nco qab - qhov ntawd pungent, phenolic aroma ntawm kub suab. Nws yog cov kua nplaum ntawm kev lag luam. Hauv kev tsim khoom Graphite electrodes (cov UHP / HP / RP qib Yaofa tsim), calcined petroleum coke yog tov nrog molten thee tar pitch. Qhov no ntsuab sib tov yog molded thiab ci ntawm ib ncig ntawm 800 ° C. Thaum lub sij hawm ci, lub suab tau dhau los ua pyrolysis, hloov mus rau hauv carbonaceous coke uas tsim kom muaj cov khoom sib txuam. Cov binder coke no yog dab tsi muab cov electrode nws lub zog txhua yam ua ntej graphitization.

Lub nam sustainable yog multi-layered. Ua ntej, nws siv ib tug by-product. Qhov thib ob, nws tsim cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb rau EAF steelmaking, uas siv ze li ntawm 100% seem steel, txo kev cia siab rau qhov cub tawg. Thib peb, niaj hnub electrode designs aims kom ntev lifespans thiab ntau zog efficiency, uas ncaj qha txo tau noj ib tuj ntawm steel. Peb niaj hnub tweaking pitch formulations thiab impregnation txheej txheem los txhim kho qhov ceev thiab txo porosity, uas nyob rau hauv lem boosts lub electrode oxidation kuj. Ib qho 1% nce hauv electrode lub neej txhais tau tias loj heev tonnage txuag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab lub zog qis. Qhov ntawd yog hom granular, unsexy sustainability metric peb taug qab.

Kuj tseem muaj nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov pa roj carbon additives zoo li Calcined Petroleum Coke (CPC) thiab Graphitized Petroleum Coke (GPC). Pitch yog qee zaum siv los ua cov txheej txheem los yog khi rau hauv cov txheej txheem no los txhim kho qee yam khoom. Rau txhuas smelting, cov pa roj carbon anodes (uas kuj siv pitch ua ib tug khi) yog lwm lub lag luam loj. Lub laub ntawm no yog txo cov pa roj carbon ntau npaum li cas - pes tsawg kg ntawm anode tau noj ib tuj ntawm txhuas tsim. Cov suab zoo dua thiab cov thev naus laus zis anode, tau tsav los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom nrog kev paub tob, ncaj qha txo qis tus nqi thiab cuam tshuam emissions.

Tshaj Electrodes: Niche tab sis tseem ceeb heev

Thaum electrodes yog tus thawj coj ntim, qee qhov kev nthuav dav siv tau zoo tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Refined thee tar derivatives, zoo li naphthalene, anthracene, thiab ntau qib pitch, mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siab heev. Ib cheeb tsam kuv tau koom nrog yog carbon fibers. Tshwj xeeb, cov thee refined coal tar pitches yog premium precursors rau tsim isotropic los yog mesophase pitch-raws li carbon fibers. Cov fibers no yog siv nyob rau hauv high-end thermal tswj, aerospace, thiab nce nyob rau hauv lub teeb yuag composites rau tsheb (los txhim kho roj efficiency) thiab cua turbine hniav. Cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntawm kev tsim cov fiber ntau los ntawm cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua piv rau txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm polyacrylonitrile (PAN), nyob ntawm qhov system ciam teb. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, kev ua tau zoo-tsav qhov hluav taws xob uas ua rau cov tar's natural aromatic qauv.

Lwm qhov yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv refractory. Pitch-bonded magnesia-carbon refractories kab steelmaking ladles thiab converters. Lawv muab zoo heev thermal shock kuj thiab slag corrosion kuj. Qhov link sustainability? Lub neej ntev ntev txhais tau hais tias tsis tshua muaj relining, uas txuag cov ntaub ntawv raw, lub zog rau kev teeb tsa, thiab lub sijhawm poob. Lub suab ntawm no ua raws li cov pa roj carbon monoxide, tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv oxidation. Peb tau khiav cov kev sim nrog cov qib sib txawv los ua kom zoo dua qhov kev tsim cov pa roj carbon monoxide no, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev siv peev txheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag steel.

Tom qab ntawd muaj qhov tsawg dua glamorous tab sis tseem ceeb siv hauv kev tiv thaiv txheej. Coal tar epoxy, txawm hais tias ib puag ncig tshuaj xyuas ntawm PAHs, tseem tsis sib xws rau qee qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv huab cua, xws li cov kav dej hauv nkoj lossis dej pov tseg. Qhov kev sib cav sustainability ntawm no yog lub neej txuas ntxiv. Tiv thaiv ib lub cuab tam steel rau 50 xyoo es tsis txhob 20 tsis kho kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv rov qab thiab lub zog ntawm kev hloov pauv. Kev lag luam yog, ntawm chav kawm, ua haujlwm rau lwm txoj hauv kev, tab sis rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb, kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev hloov kho thee tar coatings tseem yog qhov ntsuas. Nws yog ib qho xwm txheej uas kev siv tau ruaj khov cuam tshuam nrog kev nruj nruj thiab kev tswj xyuas kev siv los txo cov kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig thaum ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse.

Cov kev sib tw thiab kev txwv tiag-lub ntiaj teb

Tsis muaj kev sib tham ncaj ncees yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Qhov kev txwv tseem ceeb yog kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb nyob ib puag ncig Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Qee qhov PAHs yog carcinogenic. Qhov no ntxoov ntxoo txhua qhov kev sib tham txog kev siv cov tar. Kev siv tau ruaj khov, yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog lub kaw lus kaw, kev ntes cov thev naus laus zis, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag niaj hnub pitch distillation, koj yuav tsis pom qhov pom emissions ntawm ntau xyoo dhau los. Cov volatiles raug ntes, thiab feem ntau siv los ua roj hauv cov txheej txheem, kaw lub zog voj. Qhov hnyav pitch residue dhau los ua cov khoom. Nws yog kev tswj hwm, muaj cov txheej txheem kev lag luam.

Lwm qhov kev sib tw yog nyiaj txiag muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev tsim kho vaj tse los sau, thauj, thiab kho cov thee tar yog peev nyiaj ntau. Yog tias qhov kawg kev lag luam (xws li steel) poob qis, tag nrho cov kab ke raug thawb. Kuv tau pom tej yaam num siv pitch nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon dub hloov los yog raws li ib tug reductant nyob rau hauv lwm yam metallurgical txheej txheem kaw vim hais tias cov lag luam cov ntaub ntawv evaporated thaum roj nqi poob. Qhov tseeb sustainability yuav tsum muaj kev khwv nyiaj txiag, tsis yog technically ua tau.

Kuj tseem muaj kev txwv tsis pub dhau: peb tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tsis tu ncua lossis ua kom huv. Kev tshawb nrhiav rau ntau dua-tus nqi siv feem ntau ua pob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom. Rau txhua zaj dab neeg ua tiav hauv cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau, muaj ntau qhov kev sim ua tsis tau zoo sim ua kom muaj qhov sib xws ua ntej ntawm cov khoom noj sib txawv. Qhov no yog qhov kev paub tseem ceeb. Ib lub chaw tsim khoom xws li Yaofa, nrog nws cov keeb kwm ntev, muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev paub tob tob txog seb lawv cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb coj li cas, tso cai rau lawv kom ruaj khov rau lawv cov khoom lag luam zoo-ib qho uas tsis tuaj yeem sib tham ua ntej rau kev siv kev lag luam.

Saib tom ntej: Kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev tsim kho tshiab

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm thee tar txoj kev siv kom ruaj khov yog nyob rau hauv kev sib sib zog nqus sib xyaw thiab ntse dua chemistry. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov sib txuas nruj dua ntawm coke qhov cub, tar distilleries, thiab cov nroj tsuag carbon - txawm nyob hauv thaj chaw. Kev thauj mus los tsawg kawg nkaus txo qhov kev hneev taw tag nrho. Lwm qhov yog qhov kev txhim kho ntawm kev hloov kho pitches. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw lossis maj mam kho cov thee tar suab nrog bio-based lossis hluavtaws resins, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv rau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb thaum muaj peev xwm txo tau tag nrho PAH profile. Cov binders tsim qauv no tuaj yeem qhib qhov rooj hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tshiab.

Kuv tseem tab tom saib qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv kev cia lub zog. Cov pa roj carbon activated los ntawm suab rau supercapacitors lossis cov khoom siv anode hauv cov roj teeb yog cov chaw R & D. Lub siab carbon purity thiab tunable porosity yog txaus nyiam. Qhov no yuav yog qhov kawg redirect: ib tug by-product los ntawm hnyav kev lag luam ua ib feem rau huv zog tech. Nws yog txoj kev ntev los ntawm kev sim mus rau gigafactory, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.

Thaum kawg, kev siv cov khoom lag luam daim yas thee tsis yog hais txog kev nrhiav ib daim ntawv thov khawv koob tshiab. Lawv hais txog kev txhim kho nws lub luag haujlwm tsis tu ncua hauv kev lag luam carbon thiab refractory, ua rau cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab siv tau ntev dua, thiab nruj me ntsis tswj hwm ib puag ncig. Nws yog ib yam khoom uas xav tau kev hwm thiab kev txawj ntse. Nws tus nqi yog pov thawj nyob rau hauv lub durability ntawm cov khoom nws pab tsim - lub electrode uas melts seem steel rau ib tug tshiab skyscraper, lub refractory uas muaj molten hlau, txheej uas tiv thaiv ib tug pipeline. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawd, nws txuas ntxiv, kev siv lub luag haujlwm yog ib daim ntawv ntawm kev lag luam symbiosis, tig cov khoom qub qub los ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom niaj hnub.