Konzani phula lamalasha: ukadaulo ndi machitidwe a eco? 

Mumamva phula la malasha lomwe lakonzedwa ndipo anthu ambiri kunja kwa gawoli akujambulabe ntchito yapasukulu yakale, yoyipa kwambiri. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Sikuti kungotenganso zomwe zimachokera mu uvuni wa coke. Gawo lomwe lakonzedwa ndipamene masewera enieni ali tsopano-ndizokhudza kukonza chinthu choyipa kuyambira poyambira, kuwongolera kanjira ka distillation ndi kapangidwe kake kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zakutsikira, osati kungogulitsa zinthu zochulukirapo. Kupsyinjika sikungokhala luso kapena; ndikukankhana kosalekeza kumeneku pakati pa kupeza zomwe zimayendera bwino pazinthu monga ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri komanso osasunthika pamitengo yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Ndilo mchitidwe wolinganiza womwe wasintha njira yonse yoperekera.

Gawo Lokonzekera Sili Chilembo Chabe

Tikamakamba za anakonza malasha phula lero, tikukamba za katchulidwe ka feedstock. Zaka khumi zapitazo, mgwirizano ukhoza kungotchula mamasukidwe ndi kachulukidwe. Tsopano, ndi za QI (Quinoline Insoluble), mayendedwe a beta-resin, ndi zenera lakufewetsa. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa phula loyenera kupanga singano ndi imodzi ya carbon black ndi yaikulu, ndipo imayamba ndi momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito phula lopangidwa ndi mpweya wa coke oven. Ngati simukuwongolera kutentha koyambirira ndi kusonkhanitsa moyenera, mumatsekera QI yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imakhala yovuta kuigwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pake. Ndawonapo zomera zomwe zimangothamanga zonse zotentha kuti mizere ikhale yomveka bwino, koma zomwe zinawotcha m'mavuto kwa kasitomala aliyense omwe amafunikira zinthu zochepa za QI za graphite yamtengo wapatali.

Pali luso laukadaulo apa lomwe limaphonya. Kusintha kwa zitsulo zopangira zitsulo za arc kwachititsa kuti ma electrode a UHP (Ultra High Power) a graphite apangidwe, omwe amafunikira coke ya singano yapamwamba kwambiri. Kalambulabwalo kofunikira kwa coke ija? Mtundu wapadera wa anakonza malasha phula ndi mawonekedwe onunkhira komanso mbiri yonyansa. Sikokwanira kukhala ndi phula; muyenera phula loyenera. Izi zakakamiza opanga kuti aphatikizire chammbuyo, kapena kuti azigwira ntchito kwambiri ndi zomera zophika. Sikulinso ubale wosavuta wogula-kugulitsa. Ena mwa osewera ophatikizidwa kwambiri, monga Malingaliro a kampani Hebei Yaofa Carbon Co., Ltd., amapezerapo mwayi pakupanga kwawo kwanthawi yayitali kuti athe kuwongolera unyolowu. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chozama cha zida za kaboni kudutsa maelekitirodi ndi zowonjezera, amatha kufotokoza mawonekedwe a phula omwe amafunikira kuchokera kugwero, womwe ndi mwayi waukulu. Mutha kuwona njira iyi ikuwonetsedwa mu mbiri yawo https://www.yaofatansu.com - sizongogulitsa phula kapena maelekitirodi, koma kumvetsetsa kutuluka kwa zinthu kuchokera kumodzi kupita ku mzake.

Tinayesa pulojekiti kamodzi, kutulutsa phula la generic kuchokera ku ma coker angapo ang'onoang'ono kuti asakanize kuti asakanizidwe okonzeka. Linali lingaliro lopulumutsa ndalama. Zalephera momvetsa chisoni. Kusagwirizana kwa zinthu zopanda pake, zomwe zili ndi ammonia wosiyanasiyana, madzi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, zidapangitsa kuti kupanga zinthu zokhazikika, zokonzeka pang'ono kukhala kosatheka. Malo ophatikizirawo adasanduka zoopsa za mankhwala, ndipo coke yomwe idachokerako inali yosayembekezereka. Kulephera kwa manja kumeneko kunagogomezera mfundoyi: kusasinthasintha kumayambira panthawi yoyamba yosonkhanitsa. Simungathe kukonza phula loyipa podutsa mumtsinje wokonzekera; mutha kuchepetsa zovuta zina pamtengo wokwera.

Tech Leaps Sipamene Mumayembekezera

Mitu yambiri ya R&D imapita kumapulogalamu owoneka bwino a kaboni, koma zenizeni, zikupita patsogolo malasha phula tech akhala akulekanitsa ndi kuyeretsedwa. Kusungunula kwapamwamba kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuwongolera bwino kwa reflux tsopano ndizomwe zili patebulo. Chinthu chochititsa chidwi ndi njira zosungunulira zosungunulira kuti zitulutse zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga carbazole kapena mafuta anthracene musanayambe kupanga phula, komanso matekinoloje a de-ashing. Ma Centrifuges akhala bwino, koma kwa zinthu zotsika phulusa zomwe zimafunikira ma lithiamu-ion batire anode precursors, masitepe a mankhwala kapena matenthedwe akuwonjezedwa. Ikuwonjezera capex, zedi.

Ndiye pali mbali ya data. Kuwongolera njira kwachoka ku ma PLC oyambira kupita kumakina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kukhuthala kwa nthawi yeniyeni ndi miyeso yokhazikika ya dielectric kuti asinthe magawo. Zimamveka zazing'ono, koma kugunda malo ochepetsetsa a 108 ° C ± 2 ° C nthawi zonse, batch pambuyo pa batch, ndizomwe zimalola wopanga ma elekitirodi a graphite kuyendetsa bwino ng'anjo zawo zowotcha. Kusiyanasiyana kwa madigiri a 5 kumatha kusokoneza kayendedwe ka kuphika komanso kachulukidwe komaliza ka electrode. Chifukwa chake chatekinoloje nthawi zambiri imakhala yaunsexy, njira yowonjezera yowumitsa. Sizokhudza kupanga, zimangokhalira kusinthasintha, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuposa momwe zimamvekera pamene chakudya chanu chimakhala chosinthika.

Vuto limodzi lomwe tidalimbana nalo linali kasamalidwe ka naphthalene pamagawo opepuka. M'misika ina, kuchira ndikugulitsa naphthalene kumakhala kopindulitsa. Kwa ena, ndi mtengo. Kachitidwe kaukadaulo apa ndi kusinthasintha: kupanga masitima apamtunda oyambilira kuti abwezeretsenso chodulidwa chakuthwa cha naphthalene kapena kuyisiya kuti ikhalebe mugawo lamafuta kuti ikasinthidwe kumtunda, zonse kutengera chuma chanthawi yeniyeni. Pamafunika mapangidwe a mzati ovuta kwambiri komanso kusintha kwa malingaliro kuchoka pa njira yokhazikika kupita ku yosinthika. Sizomera zonse zakale zomwe zingachite izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pamsika.

Eco-Pressure Ikukonzanso Mapu

Tisanene mosapita m’mbali: nkhani ya chilengedwe yozungulira phula la malasha ndi yovuta. Mchitidwewu sikungowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera kapena zomera zamadzi onyansa-ngakhale kuti ndi malo okwera mtengo kwambiri. Ndizokhudza moyo wonse womwe ukuwunikidwa. Ma VOC (ma organic organic compounds) ochokera ku akasinja osungira, ma PAH (polycyclic onunkhira ma hydrocarbons) mumpweya wapantchito, ndipo tsogolo la zotsalira zonse ndizomwe zimayendera. Ku Europe ndi North America, izi zapangitsa kuti mbewu zitsekedwe kapena kubwezanso zofunika zazikulu. Mchitidwewu, mwanjira ina, wasinthiratu kupanga makiyi zinthu za carbon kumadera okhala ndi zida zophatikizika, zamakono zomwe zidamangidwa kapena kusinthidwanso ndi zowongolera izi kuyambira pachiyambi.

Izi zimapanga chododometsa. Kuwongolera kokhazikika kwachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti chinthucho chikhale chokwera mtengo, komanso chimapangitsa kuti mtengo ukhale wobiriwira kapena wowoneka bwino. anakonza malasha phula. Ena ogula ma electrode tsopano akufunsa zolembedwa pazachilengedwe za binder pitch yomwe akugwiritsa ntchito. Sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, koma chili pafupi. Apa ndipamene wopanga ali ndi sikelo ndi zomangamanga zamakono angasinthe mtengo wotsatira kukhala mwayi wamsika. Kampani ngati Hebei Yaofa Carbon, monga wopanga wamkulu yemwe ali ndi zaka zambiri pamasewera, mwina akukumana ndi zovuta izi. Kuthekera kwawo kuyika ndalama m'makina otsekeka, kutulutsa utsi wotsogola, komanso kukonza zinyalala zoyenera sizochita zabwino zokha; ikukhala chiphaso chogwira ntchito komanso chosiyanitsa makasitomala omwe ali pansi pa ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) kukakamizidwa kwa Investor.

Ndimakumbukira pulojekiti yobwezeretsanso phula la distillation la phula pomwe dalaivala wokwera mtengo kwambiri sanali mzati watsopano kapena zotenthetsera kutentha—inali njira yobwezeretsa nthunzi ndi oxidizer yotenthetsera kuti mipweya ikwaniritse malamulo atsopano a mpweya. Idawirikiza kawiri capex yoyembekezeredwa. Nkhani yamabizinesi idangogwira ntchito chifukwa nthawi imodzi titha kuwonjezera zokolola komanso mtundu kuti titumikire msika wama electrode apamwamba kwambiri. Popanda malo opangira ma premium, mbewuyo ikadasowa. Chifukwa chake mawonekedwe a eco akukakamiza mwachindunji kukweza kwaukadaulo, koma kokha komwe chuma chamtengo womaliza chamtengo wapatali chingathandizire.

Msika Wagawikana, Osasowa

Malingaliro odziwika akunja ndi akuti phula la malasha ndi bizinesi yolowera dzuwa. Ndizolakwika. Ndi kugawanika. Zomangamanga, zotsika pang'ono zomangira zosavuta kapena mafuta zilidi zopanikizika ndikuchepera. Koma apamwamba, opangidwa ndendende anakonza malasha phula chifukwa zinthu zapamwamba za carbon zikukula. Dalaivala wofunikira ndiye megatrend yopangira magetsi: EAF steelmaking (graphite electrode) ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion (anode singano coke). Onsewa amafunikira premium carbon, yomwe imafunikira ma precursors apamwamba.

Kugawikana uku kumatanthauza kuti ogulitsa azisankha njira. Kodi ndinu ogwiritsa ntchito zotsika mtengo, kapena wopanga mankhwala apadera? Malo apakati akuyamba kufinyidwa. Njira yapaderayi imafuna ntchito zaukadaulo zakuya. Sikungopereka tanka; ndikugwira ntchito ndi R&D yamakasitomala momwe mamvekedwe anu amachitira pamapangidwe awo atsopano a ng'anjo kapena kapangidwe kawo ka anode. Apa ndipamene zokumana nazo zimafunika. Wopereka phula yemwe amangopanga phula sangathe kumvetsetsa momwe kasitomala amapangira. Wopanga kaboni wophatikizika amatero. Ndiwo mtengo wambiri pamakampani ngati a Hebei Yaofa's-zaka zawo 20+ akupanga zowonjezera zonse za kaboni ndi ma electrode a graphite zikutanthauza kuti awona machitidwe azinthu zawo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Kubwereza kobwerezako ndikopindulitsa kwambiri pakupanga zinthu.

Tikuwonanso mapangano anthawi yayitali, ogwirizana m'malo mogula malo. Wopanga ma elekitirodi a graphite safuna kutchova juga pakusintha kwabwino kwa mwezi ndi mwezi. Amafuna bwenzi lomwe lingatsimikizire kusasinthasintha ndikugwira ntchito pa chitukuko chogwirizana. Izi zimatseka ma chain chain ndikukweza zolepheretsa kulowa. Mpikisano watsopano si wina phula distiller panjira; ndi zipangizo zina monga mafuta a petroleum, kapena kusintha kwakukulu monga kupanga zitsulo zopanda mpweya m'kupita kwanthawi. Komabe, pakadali pano, magwiridwe antchito komanso mtengo wa kaboni wopangidwa ndi malasha ndizovuta kuthana ndi ntchito zake zazikulu.

Kuyang'ana M'tsogolo: Mafunso enieni

Ndiye izi zikutisiya kuti? Tsogolo la anakonza malasha phula zimadalira mafunso angapo othandiza. Kodi makampaniwa apitilize kupititsa patsogolo zokolola ndi zabwino kuchokera ku feedstock (malasha) omwe amasinthasintha? Kodi mtengo wachilengedwe ungayendetsedwe popanda kugulitsa zinthu zomaliza pamsika? Ndipo kodi chumacho chingathe kulimbana ndi njira zina zopangira mafuta, makamaka ngati mitengo yamafuta ikukwera?

Zomwe zidachitika patekinoloje zitha kuyang'ana kwambiri zolosera zam'tsogolo - kugwiritsa ntchito data ya feedstock kutengera zotsatira za distillation gululo lisanayambike - komanso kupatukana bwino kwambiri kwa mamolekyulu kuti mutenge mtengo wochulukirapo pagawo lililonse. Makhalidwe a eco adzakankhira ku akaunti yowerengera ndalama zambiri komanso kuphatikiza kaphatikizidwe ka kaboni pamitengo ya coking, zomwe zitha kusintha kusintha kwa moyo.

Pamapeto pake, ndi bizinesi yomwe ikukhetsa khungu lake lazinthu. Mawu akuti anakonza malasha phula ikusintha kuchoka ku chinthu chosavuta chokonzedwa kukhala chosankhidwa, chofunikira kwambiri pamayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Kufunika kwake tsopano kumangiriridwa mwachindunji ku khalidwe ndi luso lamakono lamagetsi omaliza a carbon, kaya ndi electrode yaikulu yogwiritsira ntchito mphero yachitsulo kapena anode yaying'ono mu batri ya EV. Ndizochepa za kukumba malasha komanso zambiri za mamolekyu a uinjiniya. Osewera omwe amamvetsetsa kusinthako, omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha manja pa unyolo, ndi omwe adzafotokozera zomwe zikuchitika, osati kungowatsatira.