Udindo wa phula wa malasha paukadaulo wobiriwira? 

Mukumva phula la malasha ndiukadaulo wobiriwira m'chiganizo chomwecho, anthu ambiri m'makampani amanyoza kapena akuwoneka osokonezeka. Ndikumvetsetsa. Kwa zaka zambiri, phula la phula la malasha, chomangira, msana wa kupanga mpweya wachikhalidwe, wakhala chinsinsi chonyansa-choipa chofunikira cha anode ndi ma electrode. Nkhaniyi yakhala ikukhudzana ndi zoyambira zakale zoyambira zakale. Koma ichi ndi chinthu chomwe nthawi zambiri timaphonya pamawonedwe osavuta awa: udindo wa phula la malasha langwiro sichikunena za zopangira zokha kukhala zobiriwira; ndizokhudza kuchita bwino, kuchepetsa zinyalala, ndi ntchito zomwe zimathandiza kutsika mu matekinoloje omwe ali mbali imodzi ya kusintha kobiriwira. Ndi nuance yomwe imatayika mu PR-speak.

Kalambulabwalo Wosamvetsetseka

Tiyeni timveke bwino. Sitikulankhula za phula lopanda pake, lamitundu yambiri. Mawu ofunika ndi phula la malasha langwiro, makamaka refined coal tar pitch (CTP) yokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyendetsedwa. Cholakwika chofala ndikuphatikiza ma precursors onse a kaboni palimodzi. Ma bio-pitches akulonjeza, koma kusasinthika kwawo komanso kufunika kophika? Akadali njuga pamlingo wamakampani. Mafuta a petroleum ali ndi kusinthasintha kwake komanso zovuta zake. CTP yoyera kwambiri imapereka chiyambi chodziwika, chodalirika. Kapangidwe kake ka mamolekyu, kununkhira kwake, ndi phindu popanga ma lattice oyitanidwa a kaboni omwe amafunikira, mwachitsanzo, ma graphite anode a mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi. Gawo lobiriwira limayamba mukaganizira njira ina: njira yocheperako yomwe imafuna mphamvu zambiri, kukana kwambiri, ndipo pamapeto pake, chiwonetsero cha carbon chokulirapo pa gawo lililonse la magwiridwe antchito.

Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti pafupifupi zaka zisanu mmbuyo, kuyesera kulowetsa gawo la CTP ndi binder ya bio-derived binder ya ma electrode a graphite. Zotsatira za labu zinali zokongola. Kufikira pakuyesa kuyesa pamalo ogwirira ntchito kunali kwatsoka. Kuphika kunakhala kosadziwikiratu, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomaliza kunali ponseponse, ndipo tidakhala ndi 40%. Mphamvu zomwe zidawonongeka pophika ma billets olakwikawo mwina zidanyalanyaza phindu lililonse lachilengedwe kuchokera ku bio-material kwazaka zambiri. Linali phunziro lovuta pakuchita bwino kwadongosolo lonse. Nthawi zina, zobiriwira zobiriwira zimatsogolera kunjira yodetsa kwambiri.

Apa ndipamene makampani omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chakuya cha sayansi amabwera Malingaliro a kampani Hebei Yaofa Carbon Co., Ltd. (mutha kupeza zambiri zawo pa https://www.yaofatansu.com). Cholinga chawo pa zowonjezera kaboni ndi ma elekitirodi a graphite amadalira kusasinthasintha kwa kalambulabwalo. Hebei Yaofa Carbon Co., Ltd., monga wopanga kaboni wamkulu wazaka zopitilira 20 pamasewerawa, amamvetsetsa kuti chiyero ndi kukhazikika kwa phula lawo la malasha kumatanthawuza mwachindunji kuchitapo kanthu komaliza - kudzitukumula pang'ono panthawi ya graphitization, kuwongolera bwino, moyo wautali. Kukhala ndi moyo wautali mu EAF yopanga zitsulo kapena batri ya lithiamu-ion ndi phindu lokhazikika.

Kudalira Kobisika kwa Green Tech

Onani madalaivala akuluakulu awiri aukadaulo wobiriwira: kuyika magetsi pamagalimoto ndi kusungirako mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Onse amadalira kwambiri zida zapamwamba za kaboni. Msika wa anode wa graphite ukuphulika. Koma kodi graphite yopangidwayo imachokera kuti? Njira yayikulu ndikudutsa mu singano ya singano, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ... malasha phula kapena mitsinje ya petroleum. Kukankhira kwamphamvu kwambiri, kuthamangitsa mwachangu-kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika kwakukulu pazambiri za anode. Coke yoyera, yosasinthasintha yochokera ku phula imatha kupereka zolakwika zochepa, zabwinoko za lithiamu-ion intercalation kinetics. Ndi chinthu chothandizira, osati mutu wamutu.

Ndiye pali mbali yokongola kwambiri: conductive zowonjezera kaboni. Zinthu monga kaboni wakuda wa Li-ion cathodes kapena ma conductive agents a supercapacitors. Zina mwazochita bwino kwambiri zimachokera ku makina apadera a phula. Amapangitsa kuti ma conductivity azitha kunyamula pang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa, zimawonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi. Apanso, ndikuchulukitsa mphamvu kwa chipangizo chobiriwira. Ndawonapo opanga ma cell a batri akuyang'ana pa gwero la lithiamu koma amawona chowonjezera cha kaboni ngati chinthu. Kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Kusintha kwa 2% pazowonjezera zowonjezera kumatha kuyambitsa moyo wozungulira.

Tinayesanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitsinje ya phula yosinthidwanso kuchokera kumafakitale ena. Lingaliro linali golide wozungulira chuma. Chowonadi chinali chowopsa cha kusefera ndi kuyeretsa kuchotsa zonyansa zachitsulo zomwe zingawononge selo la batri. Mtengo woifikitsa ku zenizeni zenizeni unali wokwera kuposa kuyamba ndi namwali, chakudya cholamulidwa. Ndi piritsi lovuta kumeza, koma si njira iliyonse yobwezeretsanso yomwe imakhala yotheka mwaukadaulo kapena mwachuma. Chofunika kwambiri chiyenera kukhala ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa teknoloji yobiriwira yobiriwira.

Zovuta Zothandiza mu Chain Chain

Kuyankhula za phula la malasha langwiro siliri vuto la chemistry; ndi chidule cha mayendedwe ndi kupeza. Kupereka kumangitsa. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito zophika zakudya m'madera ena, kupeza phula lapamwamba kwambiri ndi vuto lalikulu. Kusakhazikika uku kumakankhira zatsopano, zedi, koma kumakhalanso pachiwopsezo cha kuchepetsedwa kwamtundu. Ndatumiza komwe zinthu za quinoline-insoluble (QI) zinali zopanda pake, ndipo zidataya njira yonse yoyimbira gulu la ma electrode a UHP. Masiku a nthawi yopanga anatayika.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuphatikizika koyima kapena maubale olimba kwambiri ndi othandizira. Wopanga yemwe amawongolera kapena kumvetsetsa mozama zake zodyera kuchokera pa siteji ya uvuni wa coke ali ndi mwayi waukulu. Atha kukhazikitsa macheke amtundu kale, kusintha magawo oyenga, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti phula la malasha langwiro zotulukapo n'zoyeneradi ndi cholinga. Sichinthu chomwe mungagule pamsika wamalo ngati mukufunafuna zapamwamba ma electrode a graphite kapena premium zowonjezera kaboni msika. Webusayiti ya Hebei Yaofa Carbon imatchula zaka zopitilira 20 zopanga. Munthawi imeneyi, zomwe zachitikazi zikutanthauza kuti adutsa njira zingapo zoperekera zinthu zambiri ndikukhazikika mapaipi awo oyambira, zomwe sizingakambirane pakupereka zida zodalirika zobiriwira.

Mutu wina ndi utsi wophika. Ma VOCs kuchokera pamawu panthawi ya carbonization ndizovuta zovomerezeka zachilengedwe. Udindo wobiriwira pano ukusintha kuchoka pa phula lokha kupita kuukadaulo womwe uli ndi zomwe zimatulutsa. Makina otsogola a utsi ndi kuyaka, kutembenuza kutentha kotayirako kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi - apa ndipamene cholinga chachilengedwe panjira zozikidwa ndi phula chili bwino. Ndi chisinthiko chozama koma chovuta kwambiri.

Tsogolo: Mlatho, Osati Kopita

Choncho, ndi phula la malasha langwiro tsogolo la zipangizo zobiriwira chatekinoloje? Ayi, ndipo sindikudziwa aliyense mu R&D yemwe akuganiza kuti ndi. Ndi mlatho wovuta. Ntchito yake ndikupereka zida zodalirika, zogwira ntchito kwambiri za kaboni zomwe zimafunikira kukulitsa matekinoloje monga ma EV ndi kusungirako ma gridi masiku ano, pomwe m'badwo wotsatira wa zotsogola zokhazikika (bio-based, recycled carbon, etc.) wapangidwa ndipo, makamaka, watsimikiziridwa pamlingo wa matani miliyoni.

Kafukufukuyu ndi wamphamvu. Pitch yochokera ku lignin, kuchokera ku zinyalala zamapulasitiki kudzera pa pyrolysis. Koma nthawi iliyonse ndikayang'ana mapepala a deta, mafunso ndi ofanana: Kodi mungathe kupanga matani 10,000 ndi zolemba zomwezo mwezi uliwonse? Ndi mtengo wotani pa tani iliyonse poyerekeza ndi kukweza kwa magwiridwe antchito? Kodi imayambitsa zonyansa zatsopano? Sitinafikebe. Kusiya dongosolo lamakonoli lisanakonzekere kukhoza kulepheretsa kusintha kobiriwira komweko.

Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino kwambiri yobiriwira pakadali pano ndikukulitsa luso pa gawo lililonse lazomwe zilipo malasha phula-to-carbon product chain. Izi zikutanthauza kuyika ndalama pakuyenga kuti mupeze chakudya chokwanira, kukhathamiritsa ng'anjo zowotcha ndi graphitization kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu, ndikukankhira moyo wazinthu mpaka malire. Elekitirodi ya UHP yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali 20% mu ng'anjo ya arc imapulumutsa mphamvu zambiri komanso zopangira pa tani iliyonse yachitsulo chopangidwa. Ndiko kukhudzidwa kobiriwira kowoneka, kothandizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri timafulumira kuziwononga.

Kumaliza Popanda Uta

Palibe chidziwitso chabodza apa. Ndi zosokoneza. Udindo ndi wotsutsana pamwamba koma zomveka mu ngalande. Phula la malasha oyera, zinthu zamakampani zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kale, pakali pano ndizofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo womwe cholinga chake ndikuchotsa machitidwe azamakampani omwe adakhalapo kale. Phindu lake la chilengedwe ndi losalunjika komanso mwadongosolo - limapezeka mukuchita bwino komanso momwe limagwirira ntchito pomaliza. Kunyalanyaza kaphatikizidwe kameneka, kukankhira m'malo mwake msanga motengera ma optics okha, kukhoza kuvulaza kwambiri kuposa kuwongolera kuthamanga kwatsopano. Cholinga chake chiyenera kukhala pakupeza bwino, kukhathamiritsa kosalekeza, ndikusamalira zida za kaboni izi osati ngati zinthu, koma ngati zida zopangidwira bwino zamtsogolo mwaukadaulo wathu wobiriwira. Ntchito, monga nthawi zonse, ili mwatsatanetsatane.