Phula la malasha oyengedwa bwino: kugwiritsa ntchito eco-friendly? 

Mukuwona 'phula la malasha loyengedwa bwino' ndi 'ochezeka ndi zachilengedwe' m'chiganizo chomwecho, ndipo chibadwa chanu choyamba chingakhale kunyoza. Ndikumvetsetsa. Kwa zaka zambiri, cholowa cha phula la malasha chakhala chikumangiriridwa kumakampani olemera, ma PAH, komanso mutu wokonzanso chilengedwe. Koma kuthamangitsidwa kotereku kumaphonya tanthauzo la zomwe 'kuyengedwa' kumatanthauza m'mafakitale masiku ano, komanso pomwe sayansi yazinthu yadulira malire mwakachetechete. Sizokhudza greenwashing mankhwala akale; ndi kufunsa ngati chotuluka chosinthidwa kwambiri, chikagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola komanso kuwongolera moyo wonse, chingathe kulowa muzokhazikika zamakono. Yankho silosavuta inde kapena ayi-ndi mndandanda wa 'zimadalira' kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito, malingaliro olowa m'malo, ndi kasamalidwe ka zinyalala. Tiyeni tifufuze izo.

Njira Yoyeretsera: Kumene 'Kuyera' Kumayambira Kufunika

Sikuti phula lonse la malasha limapangidwa mofanana. Zinthu zomwe zimapatsa gulu lonse dzina loyipa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda pake kapena zosinthidwa mopepuka. Tikamakamba za phula loyera la malasha, makamaka ntchito zamakampani, tikunena za chinthu chomwe chapangidwa kuti chisungunuke kwambiri ndikuchizidwa kuti tichotse tizigawo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatentha pang'ono ndikuyika zinthu zina zonunkhira. Chinsinsi ndicho kuchotsa poyambira. Chogulitsa ngati chomangira chapamwamba kwambiri chochokera kwa ogulitsa omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wozama kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, Hebei Yaofa Carbon Co., Ltd., yomwe yakhala ikukonza mpweya kwazaka zopitilira 20 - ndi dziko losiyana ndi phula lachibalo, losayengedwa. Kuyang'ana kwawo pazowonjezera, zapamwamba kwambiri za carbon ndi ma electrode kumafunikira chakudya chokhala ndi zinthu zodziwikiratu. Kuwongolera kumeneku kumachepetsa kusinthasintha ndi kuchulukira kwa zigawo zovuta kwambiri zomaliza zowunikira, zomwe ndi sitepe yoyamba, yosatsutsika kuzinthu zilizonse zomwe zingatheke 'zokonda zachilengedwe'.

Kumene mphira umakumana ndi msewu ndi m'malo. Imodzi mwa mfundo zogwirika kwambiri za 'eco-friendly' ndi pamene phula la malasha loyengedwa limakhala ngati chomangira mu carbon anodes posungunula aluminiyamu kapena ma electrode a graphite. Gawo la 'ochezeka' ndikufanizira. Ngati chomangira china chimachokera ku mtsinje watsopano wa petroleum, mkangano ndi wakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo (malasha phula) ndi mtundu wa symbiosis ya mafakitale yomwe imawonjezera phindu kumtsinje wa zinyalala. Izo siziri 'zoyera' mtheradi, koma zimatha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri pamlingo wadongosolo. Njira ya carbonization popanga ma elekitirodi imatsekanso gawo lalikulu la kaboni kuti likhale lokhazikika, kuchepetsa mpweya womwe ungakhalepo panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala poyerekeza ndi zomangira zosakhazikika. Ndi kuwerengera kwa moyo, osati mutu.

Ndawona ma projekiti akupunthwa ponyalanyaza malire awa. Makasitomala nthawi ina ankafuna kugwiritsa ntchito phula lotsika mtengo, loyeretsedwa pang'ono popanga chinthu chapadera cha kaboni, chokopeka ndi mtengo wotsikirapo. Kusagwirizana kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi mtengo wa coking kudapangitsa kukana kwakukulu kwa kupanga, kuwononga mphamvu pakukonzanso ng'anjo, ndipo pamapeto pake, gulu loipitsidwa lomwe lidakhala udindo wotaya. Ndalama zonse za chilengedwe ndi zachuma zidaposa ndalama zomwe zidasungidwa poyamba. Zomwe zinandichitikirazi zinandilimbitsa kuti 'oyera' ndi 'woyeretsedwa' sizogulitsa malonda pano; iwo ndi zofunika kwa dzuwa ndi zinyalala kuchepetsa kutsika. Simungathe kuyankhula za ntchito zachilengedwe ngati maziko anu ndi osakhazikika.

Niche Applications: Kumene Mkangano Umakhala ndi Madzi

Pamwamba pa ma electrode akuluakulu, pali madera omwe ali ndi phula la malasha oyengedwa ndizovuta kusintha ndi njira ina yomwe ilipo pakalipano. Ganizirani zida zapadera za kaboni zamamlengalenga kapena zida zosindikizira zogwira ntchito kwambiri. Pazifukwa izi, kufunikira kwa magwiridwe antchito - kukhazikika kwamafuta, kukhazikika kwapadera, kusasunthika - kumakhala kovutirapo kotero kuti kulephera kwa kaboni (gawo lomwe silingafanane ndipo liyenera kutayidwa, kapena chisindikizo chomwe chimatsikira) chimafupikitsa gawo la zinthu zomangira zokha. Apa, mbali ya 'eco-friendly' ndiyokhudza kulimba komanso moyo wautali pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito subpar binder kungatanthauze kuti chigawocho chimatenga zaka 5 m'malo mwa 20, zomwe zimafunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi komanso mphamvu zonse ndi zinyalala zomwe zimafunikira.

Mbali ina yofunika kuyang'ana ndi yoyendetsedwa, yotentha kwambiri popanga zinthu za carbon. Kampani ngati Hebei Yaofa Carbon, yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri ma elekitirodi a graphite a UHP, ili mubizinesi yosintha zomangira kukhala zopangira kaboni wa crystalline. M'ng'anjo zawo, pansi pazimenezi, chinthu chosasunthika kuchokera kumtunda woyengedwa chimagwidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lachiwiri la mafuta opangira kutentha, kupanga njira yotseka mphamvu yobwezeretsa mphamvu. Mapeto ake, graphite elekitirodi, ndi inert ndi yofunika kwa magetsi arc ng'anjo steelmaking, amene palokha njira zisathe poyerekeza ndi ng'anjo chikhalidwe kuphulika. Mutha kutsatira unyolo uwu patsamba lawo https://www.yaofatansu.com- ndi chitsanzo chabwino mu kuphatikiza mafakitale. Phindu la eco si lachindunji koma loona: kupangitsa kuti zitsulo zibwezeretsedwe bwino.

Tinayesanso kugwiritsa ntchito tizigawo ting'onoting'ono toyengedwa kwambiri ngati kalambulabwalo wa ma graphite opangidwa m'mabatire zaka zingapo zapitazo. Chiphunzitsocho chinali chomveka: chakudya chobiriwira, chonunkhira kwambiri chikhoza kutulutsa mawonekedwe abwino. Kulephera kwenikweni kunali chiyero. Tsatirani zonyansa zachitsulo, ngakhale pamilingo ya ppm, zomwe zimatha kupirira mu electrode yopanga zitsulo ndizowopsa kwa anode ya batri ya lithiamu-ion. Mtengo woyeretsa wowachotsa unachotsa phindu lililonse lazachilengedwe kapena lachuma kuposa mafuta a coke. Linali phunziro lofunika kuganiza kuti ‘kuyengedwa kwa ntchito imodzi’ sikutanthauza ‘kuyengedwa kwa onse.’ Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kumalongosola muyezo.

Mfundo Zosapeŵeka Zokakamira: Kutulutsa ndi Kutha kwa Moyo

Palibe kukambirana moona mtima popanda kukumana ndi zovuta. Vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe ndi phula loyera la malasha imakhalabe yoyendetsera ndi kukonza zoyambira. Ngakhale atayengedwa, ali ndi ma PAH. Pakusakaniza, kupanga, ndi koyambirira kwa kuphika, kugwidwa kwa fume ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ndayendera zomera zomwe izi zimayang'aniridwa ndi scrubbing yamakono ndi oxidizers otentha, kutembenuza zowonongeka zomwe zingatheke kukhala CO2 ndi nthunzi yamadzi - malonda, koma olamulidwa. Ndidawonanso malo akale pomwe zotulutsa zothawa zikuwonekera. Kuthekera kwa 'eco-friendly' pakugwiritsa ntchito kumatengera kulimba kwa magwiridwe antchito awa. Chomangiracho sichimacheza; makina opangidwa mozungulira ntchito yake akhoza kukhala.

Mapeto a moyo ndi njovu ina m'chipindamo. Mpweya wa carbon anode umadyedwa mumphika wa aluminiyamu. A graphite elekitirodi pang'onopang'ono oxidized mu EAF. Koma bwanji za ma composites a kaboni kapena zinthu zapadera kumapeto kwa moyo wawo? Amakhala ndi kaboni wainert, kotero kuti kutayira pansi kumakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa kuchokera pamawonekedwe a leaching, koma ndikuwonongabe. Kubwezeretsanso zinthu izi kukhala mpweya wamtengo wapatali wa kaboni ndizovuta mwaukadaulo ndipo sikunawononge ndalama. Uku ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu munkhani yokhazikika. Mtsutso wabwino kwambiri wamakono ndi wakuti zipangizozi zimathandiza moyo wautali, ntchito zogwira ntchito kwambiri, kuchedwetsa nthawi yotsiriza ya moyo kwa zaka zambiri. Koma timafunikira mayankho abwinoko kuti titayike kapena, makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito mozungulira.

Apa ndi pamene zokambirana zamakampani ziyenera kupita. M'malo mwa zonena zosamveka bwino, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuyenera kukhala pazidziwitso zowonekera: mbiri yeniyeni ya PAH ya chinthu choyengedwa motsutsana ndi chamwano, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowonjeza m'ng'anjo zamakono zophikira, komanso kuchuluka kwa kaboni wa chinthu chopangidwa ndi phula choyengedwa motsutsana ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi namwali. Ndizosokoneza, deta yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito, koma ndi chinthu chokha chomwe chimasuntha zokambirana kupitirira kutsatsa.

Zolepheretsa Kuwongolera ndi Kuwona

Ngakhale ngati luso lazowonongeka pang'onopang'ono litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zina, zowongolera ndi malingaliro a anthu nthawi zambiri zimakhala chida chosawoneka bwino. M'madera ambiri, 'phula la malasha' ndi liwu loyambira, lomwe limagwirizanitsa zomangira za njanji za creosote kapena zosindikizira zakale. Izi zimapanga cholepheretsa kutengera, ngakhale kwa mainjiniya omwe amawona kupindula kwa magwiridwe antchito. Kuyendetsa izi kumafuna zolembedwa mwanzeru, mapepala achitetezo omwe amasiyanitsa momveka bwino malonda, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kutsimikizira kwa chipani chachitatu pamawonekedwe otulutsa mpweya pakagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndi mtengo wowonjezera komanso zovuta zomwe woyang'anira polojekiti aliyense ayenera kuyeza.

Kuchokera pamawonedwe opeza, ndichifukwa chake kuchita ndi opanga okhazikika ndikofunikira. Kampani yomwe ili ndi zaka 20 pamasewera, monga momwe tafotokozera kale, idayenera kusintha machitidwe ake ndi zolemba kuti zikwaniritse zomwe zikuyenda bwino. Kusasinthika kwawo kwazinthu sikungokhudza ubwino; ndizokhudza kupanga deta yodalirika yotsatiridwa ndi chilengedwe ndi chitetezo. Ndikatchula zinthu ngati izi, ndiyenera kudziwa momwe zimakhalira ndi batch-to-batch osati chifukwa cha ndondomeko yanga, komanso chilolezo changa cha chilengedwe. Wogulitsa wosadalirika pano samangoyika pachiwopsezo changa; amaika chiphaso changa chogwirira ntchito pachiwopsezo.

Vuto la malingaliro limalepheretsanso luso. Ndizovuta kupeza ndalama za R&D kuti zipititse patsogolo mbiri ya chilengedwe cha chinthu cha 'malala' kuposa njira ina yochokera ku bio, ngakhale bio-alternative ili ndi zobisika zake zogwiritsa ntchito nthaka kapena kukonza. Izi ndi zenizeni za kumunda. Njira yabwino kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo ndikupitilira kukhathamiritsa mkati mwazomwe zakhazikitsidwa, zamtengo wapatali, zotsogola zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, komanso kukhala oona mtima mwankhanza pazolephera zake kwina.

Kutsiliza: Chida, Osati Panacea

Choncho, ndi phula loyera la malasha Eco-ochezeka? Ndi funso lolakwika. Ndizinthu zapadera zamafakitale zomwe zili ndi mbiri yovuta. Mwachindunji, ntchito zoyendetsedwa bwino-makamaka ngati zomangira zapamwamba kwambiri muzinthu za kaboni ndi ma graphite komwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino, kuthamangitsidwa kwa zinyalala, komanso kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali-zitha kukhala gawo la mafakitale okhazikika. Chidziwitso chake "chobiriwira" chimakhala chokhazikika komanso mwadongosolo, sichikhala chachilengedwe. Njira yoyengedwa ndiyofunikira, ndipo zowongolera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito ndizomwe zimapangitsa kapena kuphwanya phindu lililonse la chilengedwe.

Zochitika zenizeni zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuchokera ku kuyesa kolephera ndi zida za batri mpaka kuwona mphamvu zophatikizika zama electrode muzomera za electrode, zikuwonetsa kugawanika koonekeratu. Kumene imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholowa m'malo osamvetsetsa chikhalidwe chake, imalephera. Kumene zimaphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko yopangidwa bwino, yotsekedwa yotsekedwa ndi mphamvu zonse zotulutsa mpweya-monga popanga ma electrode apamwamba kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo zamagetsi-zimapeza malo oyenerera, komanso omveka bwino, m'zinthu zakuthupi. Cholinga sichiyenera kukhala kuyikonzanso, koma kuigwiritsa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane, moona mtima pazamalonda ake, komanso kuyang'ana mozama pakuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwake kuyambira pakubadwa mpaka kumanda. Ndiwo mtundu wokhawo wa 'ochezeka' womwe umayang'aniridwa mumakampani awa.