Gutegura amakara yamakara: tekinoroji nibidukikije? 

Urumva amakara yateguwe kandi abantu benshi hanze yumurenge baracyafite ishusho yishuri-ishaje, ibikorwa byimyororokere. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Ntabwo ari ugukusanya gusa ibiva mu ziko rya kokiya. Igice cyateguwe niho umukino nyawo ubungubu-bijyanye no kudoda ikintu kibi kuva aho ugeze, uhindura umurongo wa distillation hamwe nibihimbano kugirango uhuze ibikenewe byimbere, ntabwo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi. Igitutu nacyo ntabwo ari tekiniki gusa; ni uku guhora gusunika hagati yo kubona imikorere yimikorere neza kubintu nka ultra-power-power-electrode no kutagira inyundo kubiciro byubahiriza ibidukikije. Nigikorwa cyo kuringaniza cyahinduye urwego rwose rwo gutanga.

Igice cyateguwe ntabwo ari ikirango gusa

Iyo tuvuze Gutegura Amakara uyumunsi, turavuga rwose kubisobanuro byamatungo. Imyaka icumi ishize, amasezerano ashobora kwerekana gusa ubwiza n'ubucucike. Noneho, bijyanye na QI (Quinoline Insoluble) ibirimo, indangagaciro za beta-resin, hamwe nidirishya ryoroshya. Itandukaniro riri hagati yigitereko gikwiranye n’umusemburo wa kokiya urushinge hamwe n’umukara wa karubone ni nini, kandi bitangirana nuburyo ukoresha igitoro cya peteroli kuva gaze ya coke. Niba udacunga neza ubukonje bwambere hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gukusanya neza, ufunga muri QI yibanze yambere ibyo ni inzozi zo gukemura nyuma kugirango ukoreshwe murwego rwohejuru. Nabonye ibimera aho byayoboraga ibintu byose bishyushye kugirango umurongo ugaragare neza, ariko ibyo bitetse mubibazo kuri buri mukiriya kumurongo ukeneye ibikoresho bya QI bike kuri premium grafite.

Hano hari tekinike ya tekinike ibura. Guhinduranya amashanyarazi ya arc itanura ryibyuma byatumye hakenerwa amashanyarazi ya UHP (Ultra High Power) grafite ya electrode, nayo ikenera kokiya yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Urufunguzo rwibanze kuri iyo kokiya? Ubwoko bwihariye bwa Gutegura Amakara hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwo guhumura no kwerekana umwanda. Ntabwo bihagije kugira tar; ukeneye igipimo cyiza. Ibi byatumye abaproducer bishyira hamwe, cyangwa byibuze bakorana cyane nibihingwa bya kokiya. Ntabwo bikiri umubano woroshye wo kugura-kugurisha. Bamwe mubakinnyi bahujwe cyane, nka Hebei Yaofa Carbone Co, Ltd., koresha uburambe bwabo bwigihe kirekire bwo gukora kugirango ugenzure urunigi. Mugihe bafite ubumenyi bwimbitse bwibikoresho bya karubone hejuru ya electrode ninyongeramusaruro, barashobora kwerekana ibimenyetso biranga inkomoko ikenewe kuva isoko, ninyungu nini. Urashobora kubona ubu buryo bugaragarira muri portfolio yabo kuri https://www.yaofatansu.com - ntabwo ari ukugurisha tar cyangwa electrode gusa, ahubwo ni ukumva ibintu bitemba biva murindi.

Twagerageje umushinga inshuro imwe, dukura tar rusange muri kokeri ntoya kugirango tuvange bivugwa ko byateguwe. Byari igitekerezo cyo kuzigama. Kunanirwa nabi. Kudahuza mubintu bidafite ishingiro - bitandukanye na ammoniya, amazi, ibice - byatumye umusaruro uhamye, witeguye bidashoboka. Ikigo cyo kuvanga cyahindutse inzozi mbi, kandi kokiya yavuyemo ntabwo byari byateganijwe. Ibyo kunanirwa amaboko byayoboye urugo ingingo: guhuzagurika bitangira mugihe cyambere cyo gukusanya. Ntushobora gukosora igicucu kibi unyuze munsi yimbere; urashobora kugabanya gusa ibibazo bimwe kugiciro kinini.

Ikoranabuhanga risimbuka ntabwo ariho wari witeze

Imitwe myinshi ya R&D ijya kumurongo wa karubone, ariko nyayo, iteye imbere amakara tekinoroji yabaye mu gutandukana no kwezwa. Gutandukanya ibice bigabanijwe hamwe no kugenzura neza kugaruka ubu ni ameza. Ibintu bishimishije biri mubuhanga bwo gukuramo ibishishwa kugirango bikuremo ibintu byihariye bifite agaciro kanini nka karbazole cyangwa amavuta ya anthracene mbere yumusaruro wingenzi, no muburyo bwa de-ashing. Centrifuges yarushijeho kuba myiza, ariko kubintu byukuri-ivu bikenerwa kuri batiri ya lithium-ion ya anode ibanziriza, intambwe zo kuvura imiti cyangwa ubushyuhe zirimo gushyirwaho. Nukongeramo capex, byanze bikunze.

Noneho hariho uruhande rwamakuru. Igenzura ryimikorere yavuye muri PLC yibanze kuri sisitemu ikoresha igihe nyacyo cyo kwiyegereza hamwe na dielectric ihoraho ibipimo kugirango uhindure ibipimo byinkingi. Byumvikane bito, ariko gukubita ahantu horoheje kuri 108 ° C ± 2 ° C buri gihe, icyiciro nyuma yicyiciro, nicyo cyemerera uruganda rukora amashanyarazi ya grafite gukoresha itanura ryabo neza. Guhindagurika kwa dogere 5 birashobora kwitiranya uruziga rwo guteka hamwe nubucucike bwa electrode ya nyuma. Tekinoroji rero niyo akenshi iyi idahwitse, inzira yo kwiyongera gukomera. Ntabwo ari ibyivumbuwe, ahubwo ni uguhora udahwema, bigoye kuruta uko byumvikana mugihe amatungo yawe ahindagurika.

Ikibazo kimwe cyihariye twakemuye ni ubuyobozi bwa naphthalene mubice byoroheje. Mubihe bimwe byamasoko, kugarura no kugurisha naphthalene byunguka. Mu bandi, ni ikiguzi. Uburyo bwa tekinoroji hano ni ibintu byoroshye: gutegura gari ya moshi ya mbere yo kugarura kugirango igarure nafthalene ikarishye cyangwa kureka ikaguma mu gice cya peteroli kugirango itunganyirizwe hasi, byose bishingiye ku bukungu bwigihe. Irasaba inkingi igoye cyane igishushanyo mbonera hamwe no guhindura imitekerereze kuva mugukora inzira ihamye kugirango ikore imiterere. Ibihingwa byose bishaje ntibishobora gukora ibi, bitera itandukaniro kumasoko.

Ibidukikije-Ibidukikije ni uguhindura Ikarita

Reka tuvugishe ukuri: kuvuga ibidukikije hafi yumuriro wamakara biragoye. Icyerekezo ntabwo ari ukongeramo scrubbers nyinshi cyangwa ibiti byamazi-nubwo aricyo kigo kinini. Byerekeranye nubuzima bwose buza gukurikiranwa. VOCs (ibinyabuzima bihindagurika) biva mubigega byabitswe, PAHs (hydrocarbone ya polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbone) mukirere cyakazi, kandi amaherezo yibisigisigi byikibuga byose ni ibintu byerekana ibintu. Mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ibyo byatumye ibihingwa bifunga cyangwa ibyifuzo byinshi byo gushora imari. Icyerekezo cyahindutse, muburyo bumwe, geografiya yahinduye umusaruro wingenzi Ibikoresho bya karubone ku turere dufite ibikoresho, bigezweho byubatswe cyangwa byahinduwe hifashishijwe ubwo bugenzuzi mu ntangiriro.

Ibi bitera paradox. Igenzura rikomeye ry’ibidukikije rituma ibicuruzwa bihenze cyane, ariko birashobora no gukora premium yicyatsi kibisi cyangwa gikurikiranwa Gutegura Amakara. Bamwe mubaguzi ba electrode ubu barasaba ibyangombwa kubirenge byibidukikije byikibuga bakoresha. Ntabwo aribisabwa byingenzi, ariko biri murwego rwo hejuru. Aha niho uruganda rufite igipimo n’ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bishobora guhindura igiciro cyo kubahiriza inyungu ku isoko. Isosiyete nka Hebei Yaofa Carbon, nkumushinga munini ufite imyaka mirongo mumikino, birashoboka ko uhura nibi bibazo. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gushora imari muri sisitemu zifunze, gufata imyotsi igezweho, no gutunganya imyanda ntabwo ari imyitozo myiza gusa; biraba uruhushya rwo gukora kandi rushobora gutandukanya abakiriya ubwabo bari munsi yigitutu cyabashoramari ba ESG (Ibidukikije, Imibereho, nimiyoborere).

Ndibuka umushinga wa retrofit kumashami ya distillation yumuriro aho umushoferi umwe munini wigiciro kinini atari inkingi nshya cyangwa guhinduranya ubushyuhe-yari sisitemu yo kugarura imyuka hamwe na okiside yumuriro wa gaze kugirango yuzuze amategeko mashya yubuziranenge bwikirere. Yikubye kabiri capex iteganijwe. Urubanza rwubucuruzi rwakoze gusa kuko twashoboraga icyarimwe kongera umusaruro nubwiza kugirango dukorere isoko rya elegitoronike yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Hatabayeho iryo soko ryiza, igihingwa cyaba cyarahagaze. Ibidukikije rero bigenda bihatira kuzamura tekinoroji, ariko gusa aho ubukungu bwibicuruzwa byanyuma bifite agaciro gakomeye bishobora kubishyigikira.

Isoko ririmo gucikamo ibice, ntirizimira

Ibisanzwe hanze bigaragara ni uko amakara yinganda ari izuba rirenga. Ibyo ni bibi. Ni ugucikamo ibice. Ibikoresho rusange, bike-byihariye kubintu byoroshye cyangwa lisansi mubyukuri biri mukibazo no kugabanuka. Ariko murwego rwohejuru, rwakozwe neza Gutegura Amakara kubicuruzwa bya karubone byateye imbere biriyongera. Umushoferi usabwa ni amashanyarazi megatrend: Gukora ibyuma bya EAF (electrode ya grafite) na bateri ya lithium-ion (kode ya anode). Byombi bikenera karubone nziza, ikenera primaire.

Gucamo ibice bivuze ko abatanga isoko bagomba guhitamo inzira. Waba ukora ibicuruzwa bihenze cyane, cyangwa ukora imiti yihariye? Ubutaka bwo hagati burimo gukanda. Inzira yihariye isaba serivisi zimbitse. Ntabwo ari ugutanga tanker gusa; nibijyanye no gukorana na R&D yumukiriya kuburyo ikibuga cyawe cyitwara mugushushanya kwabo gushya cyangwa gushya kwa anode. Aha niho uburambe bufite akamaro. Utanga ibicuruzwa akora tar gusa ntashobora kumva imyitwarire yayo mugihe cyumukiriya. Uhagaritse guhuza karubone ikora. Ngiyo agaciro katagaragara mumwirondoro wikigo nka Hebei Yaofa-imyaka 20+ yabo itanga ibyongeweho bya karubone hamwe na electrode ya grafite bivuze ko babonye imyitwarire yibikoresho byabo uhereye kubitanga ndetse nabakoresha amaherezo. Ibyo bitekerezo bisubirwamo ni ntagereranywa mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa.

Turimo kubona kandi amasezerano maremare, afatanya aho kugura ibibanza. Igishushanyo cya electrode ikora ntabwo ishaka gukina urusimbi kurwego rwiza ruhindura ukwezi-ukwezi. Bakeneye umufatanyabikorwa ushobora kwemeza guhuzagurika no gukora ku majyambere ahuriweho. Ibi bifunga iminyururu kandi bizamura inzitizi zo kwinjira. Amarushanwa mashya ntabwo arikindi cyuma gitandukanya umuhanda; nibindi bikoresho nkibikomoka kuri peteroli, cyangwa no guhindagurika gukabije nko gukora ibyuma bitarimo karubone mugihe kirekire cyane. Kuri ubu, nubwo, imikorere nigiciro cyimiterere yamakara-tar-karubone biragoye gutsinda kubikorwa byingenzi.

Kureba imbere: Ibibazo nyabyo

Noneho ibi bidusiga he? Kazoza ka Gutegura Amakara hinges kubibazo bike bifatika. Inganda zishobora gukomeza kuzamura umusaruro nubwiza buva mu bworozi (amakara) ubwabwo burahinduka? Ibiciro byibidukikije birashobora gucungwa nta giciro cyibicuruzwa byarangiye ku isoko? Kandi ibikoresho birashobora gufata ubuhanga bwa tekinike kubindi bikomoka kuri peteroli, cyane cyane niba ibiciro bya peteroli bihindagurika?

Inzira ya tekinoroji irashobora kwibanda ku gusesengura guhanura - gukoresha amakuru y’ibiryo kugira ngo ugaragaze ibyagezweho mbere yo gutangira - ndetse no gutandukanya molekile nziza kugirango ukure agaciro ntarengwa muri buri gice. Ibidukikije bigenda byerekeza ku ibaruramari ryuzuye kandi byenda guhuzwa no gufata karubone ku bimera bya kokiya, byahinduka umukino uhindura ubuzima.

Kurangiza, ni inganda isuka uruhu rwibicuruzwa. Ijambo Gutegura Amakara iragenda ihinduka kuva mubintu byoroshye bitunganijwe muburyo bwabigenewe, imikorere-ikomeye murwego rwohejuru rutanga tekinoroji. Akamaro kayo ubu gahujwe neza nubwiza nudushya mubicuruzwa bya nyuma bya karubone, byaba aribyo electrode nini ikoresha uruganda rukora ibyuma cyangwa anode ntoya muri bateri ya EV. Ntabwo ari ugucukura amakara nibindi bijyanye na molekile yubuhanga. Abakinnyi basobanukiwe niyi mpinduka, bafite uburambe ku ntoki hirya no hino, ni bo bazasobanura imigendekere, ntibabakurikire gusa.