Uruhare rwamakara meza muri tekinoroji yicyatsi? 

Urumva itara ryamakara hamwe nicyatsi kibisi mumagambo amwe, abantu benshi muruganda barasebya cyangwa basa nabayobewe rwose. Ndabibona. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ikariso yamakara, binder, inkingi y’inganda gakondo za karubone, yabaye ibanga ryanduye-ikibi gikenewe kuri anode na electrode. Ibisobanuro byabaye byose kuva kure yimyanda ishingiye kubibuye. Ariko dore ikintu dukunze kubura muri ubwo buryo bworoshye: uruhare rwa Amakara meza ntabwo bijyanye nibikoresho fatizo ubwabyo kuba icyatsi; bijyanye nubushobozi, kugabanya imyanda, nibikorwa ituma epfo na ruguru mu ikoranabuhanga ridasubirwaho igice cyinzibacyuho. Nibintu bitakara muri PR-vuga.

Abatahuye nabi

Reka tubyumve neza. Ntabwo tuvuga ibijyanye na tar, ibice byinshi. Ijambo ryibanze ni Amakara meza, byumwihariko gutunganya ikara ryamakara (CTP) hamwe nibigize igenzurwa. Ikosa risanzwe ni uguhuriza hamwe karubone zose. Bio-ibibuga biratanga ikizere, ariko guhuzagurika kwabo nagaciro kokiya? Biracyari urusimbi kurwego rwinganda. Ikibanza cya peteroli gifite ibibazo byacyo bihindagurika. Isuku-yuzuye CTP itanga intangiriro izwi, yizewe yo gutangira. Imiterere ya molekulari yayo, iyo aromaticite, mubyukuri ninyungu yo gukora utubumbe twa karubone twateganijwe dukenewe, tuvuge, anode ya grafite ya bateri yimashanyarazi. Igice cyicyatsi gitangira iyo usuzumye ubundi buryo: inzira idakorwa neza isaba ingufu nyinshi, kwangwa cyane, kandi amaherezo, ikirenge kinini cya karuboni kuri buri gice cyimikorere.

Ndibuka umushinga hashize imyaka itanu, ngerageza gusimbuza igice cya CTP nigitabo bio-gikomoka kuri binder ya grafite electrode. Ibisubizo bya laboratoire byari byiza. Kugera kubigeragezo bikorerwa mubafatanyabikorwa byari impanuka. Inzira yo guteka yabaye idateganijwe, ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa byanyuma byari ahantu hose, kandi twarangije dufite igipimo cya 40%. Ingufu zapfushije ubusa muguteka izo fagitire zitari nziza birashoboka ko byanze bikunze inyungu zidukikije ziva muri bio-material kumyaka. Byari isomo rikomeye muburyo bukora neza. Rimwe na rimwe, icyatsi kibisi kibisi kiganisha kumyanda muri rusange.

Aha niho ibigo bifite ubumenyi bwimbitse bwibintu byinjira. Nasuzumye spes ziva mubakora kuva kera nka Hebei Yaofa Carbone Co, Ltd. (urashobora kubona ibisobanuro byabo kuri https://www.yaofatansu.com). Ibyo bibandaho Inzoga na grafite electrode yerekana kuri precursor idahwitse. Hebei Yaofa Carbon Co., Ltd., nkuruganda runini rwa karubone rufite imyaka isaga 20 mumikino, yumva ko ubuziranenge n’umutekano by’amatungo yabo y’amakara y’ibihingwa bisobanura mu buryo butaziguye imikorere y’ibicuruzwa byanyuma - kutitonda cyane mu gihe cyo gushushanya, gukora neza, kuramba. Kuramba murwego rwo gukora ibyuma EAF cyangwa bateri ya lithium-ion ninyungu irambye itaziguye.

Icyatsi cya Tech cyihishe

Reba ibice bibiri binini bya tekinoroji yicyatsi: amashanyarazi yo gutwara no kubika ingufu zishobora kubaho. Byombi bishingiye cyane ku bikoresho bya karubone bigezweho. Isoko rya grafite anode iraturika. Ariko iyo grafite ya syntetique ituruka he? Inzira nyamukuru ni kunyura mu gushushanya urushinge rwa kokiya, ubwayo ikomoka kuri… wabitekereje, inoze amakara cyangwa imigezi ya peteroli. Gusunika kubushobozi buhanitse, kwishyurwa byihuse-bishyira igitutu kinini kuri microstructure ya anode. Coke isukuye, ihamye ikomoka kuri kokiya irashobora gutanga inenge nke, nziza ya lithium-ion intercalation kinetics. Nibikoresho bishoboza, ntabwo umutwe wigikorwa.

Noneho hari uruhande ruto rutangaje: ruyobora Inzoga. Ibintu nka karubone yumukara kuri Li-ion cathodes cyangwa ibintu bitwara supercapacitor. Bimwe mubikorwa byindashyikirwa biva muburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya tar. Batezimbere ubwikorezi buke buke, bivuze ko ukoresha ibikoresho bike, byongera ingufu. Na none, ni imbaraga zigwiza kubikorwa byicyatsi kibisi. Nabonye abakora selile bateri batitaye kumasoko ya lithium ariko bafata inyongeramusaruro nkibicuruzwa. Ikosa rikomeye. Itandukaniro rya 2% muburyo bw'inyongeramusaruro rishobora gutera ubuzima bwinzira.

Twagerageje kandi gukoresha imigezi ikoreshwa neza ituruka mu zindi nganda. Igitekerezo cyari ubukungu buzengurutse zahabu. Ukuri kwari inzozi mbi zo kuyungurura no kwezwa kugirango ikureho ibyuma byangiza byangiza selile ya batiri. Igiciro cyo kuyigeza kuri spike yari hejuru kuruta gutangirira kumasugi, kugenzurwa. Nibinini bikomeye kumira, ariko ntabwo inzira zose zisubiramo zihita zikorana buhanga cyangwa mubukungu. Icyambere kigomba kuba imikorere no kwizerwa byanyuma tekinoroji yicyatsi.

Inzitizi zifatika mumurongo wo gutanga

Kuvuga Amakara meza ntabwo ari ikibazo cya chimie gusa; ni logistique no gushakisha ibisubizo. Isoko rirakomera. Hamwe no kugabanuka kwimikorere ya kokiya gakondo mu turere tumwe na tumwe, kubona urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge ni impungenge. Uku guhindagurika gusunika udushya, byanze bikunze, ariko nanone bishobora guteza ingaruka nziza. Nagize ibyoherejwe aho Quinoline-idashobora gushonga (QI) ibirimo bitemewe, kandi byajugunye inzira yose yo gutera akabariro mugice cya electrode ya UHP. Iminsi yumusaruro yatakaye.

Niyo mpanvu guhuza kwishyira hamwe cyangwa umubano utanga amasoko akomeye. Uruganda rugenzura cyangwa rwumva neza amatungo yarwo kuva kurwego rwa kokiya rufite inyungu nini. Bashobora gushyira mubikorwa igenzura ryiza, guhindura ibipimo byo gutunganya, kandi bakemeza ko Amakara meza ibisohoka rwose birahuye nintego. Ntabwo arikintu ushobora kugura ku isoko gusa niba ugamije amaherezo-yo Ibishushanyo cyangwa premium Inzoga isoko. Urubuga rwa Hebei Yaofa Carbon ruvuga uburambe bwimyaka 20 yumusaruro. Ni muri urwo rwego, ubwo bunararibonye bushobora kuba busobanura ko bagendeye ku masoko menshi kandi bagahindura imiyoboro yabo ibanziriza iyi, ikaba idashobora kuganirwaho ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byizewe.

Ubundi kubabara umutwe ni ibyuka bihumanya. VOC kuva mukibuga mugihe cya karubone nikibazo cyemewe cyibidukikije. Uruhare rwicyatsi hano ruva mumatara ubwayo yerekeza ku ikoranabuhanga ririmo kandi rivura ibyo byuka. Sisitemu yo gufata neza hamwe no gutwika, guhindura ubushyuhe bwimyanda igasubira mu mbaraga zitunganijwe-niho ibidukikije byibanze byibanda kubikorwa bishingiye kuri tar. Ni capex-yibanda cyane ariko ihindagurika.

Kazoza: Ikiraro, Ntabwo kigenewe

Rero, ni Amakara meza ejo hazaza h'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bibisi? Oya, kandi sinzi umuntu muri R&D utekereza ko aribyo. Ni ikiraro gikomeye. Uruhare rwarwo ni ugutanga ibikoresho byizewe, bikora neza cyane bya karubone bikenewe kugirango hongerwe ikoranabuhanga nka EV na ububiko bwa gride muri iki gihe, mugihe ibisekuru bizaza byabanjirije ibyarambye byuzuye (bio-ishingiye, karubone ikoreshwa neza, nibindi) byatejwe imbere kandi, cyane cyane, byerekanwe kuri toni miliyoni.

Ubushakashatsi burakomeye. Ikibanza gikomoka kuri lignin, muri plastiki yimyanda ikoresheje pyrolysis. Ariko burigihe burigihe ndebye kumpapuro zamakuru, ibibazo nibimwe: Urashobora gukora toni 10,000 zayo hamwe na spes imwe buri kwezi? Ni ikihe giciro kuri toni ugereranije no kuzamura imikorere? Ese izana umwanda mushya? Ntiturahari. Kureka sisitemu iriho mbere yuko shyashya yitegura byahagarika icyatsi kibisi ubwacyo.

Kubwibyo, ingamba zicyatsi kibisi kuri ubu nugukora neza kuri buri ntambwe ihari amakara-Urunigi rwibicuruzwa. Ibyo bivuze gushora imari mugutunganya kugirango ubone ibiryo byuzuye neza, guhitamo itanura ryo guteka no gushushanya kugirango ukoreshe ingufu, kandi usunike ubuzima bwibicuruzwa kurenza urugero. Electrode ya UHP imara 20% mu itanura rya arc ibika ingufu nyinshi nibikoresho fatizo kuri toni y'ibyuma byakozwe. Izi ningaruka zifatika zicyatsi, zishobojwe nibikoresho dukunze kwihuta kubi.

Kurangiza nta muheto

Hano nta mwanzuro mwiza. Ni akajagari. Uruhare ruvuguruzanya hejuru ariko birumvikana mu mwobo. Amakara meza, ibi bikoresho byinganda byumurage, kuri ubu ni ingenzi cyane kubuhanga bugamije kwimura sisitemu yinganda. Agaciro k’ibidukikije ntigasobanutse kandi gafite gahunda-iboneka mu mikorere n'imikorere itanga kubisabwa byanyuma. Kwirengagiza iyi nuance, gusunika gusimburwa hakiri kare bishingiye kuri optique yonyine, bishobora gukora ibibi byinshi kuruta ibyiza kumuvuduko wo guhanga udushya. Ibyibandwaho bigomba kwibanda kumasoko ashinzwe, gutezimbere inzira idahwema, no gufata ibyo bikoresho bya karubone ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa, ahubwo nkibikoresho byashizweho na tekinoroji yibidukikije byigihe kizaza. Akazi, nkuko bisanzwe, ni muburyo burambuye.