Amakara meza yatunganijwe neza: ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije? 

Urabona 'itara ryiza ryamakara ritunganijwe' na 'ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije' mu nteruro imwe, kandi inkomoko yawe ya mbere irashobora kuba ugusebya. Ndabibona. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, umurage wamakara wahujwe ninganda zikomeye, PAHs, hamwe no kubabara ibidukikije. Ariko uko kwirukanwa kworoheje kubura kubura icyo 'gutunganywa' bivuze mubyukuri murwego rwinganda muri iki gihe, kandi aho siyanse yibikoresho yasunitse bucece imipaka. Ntabwo ari ugukaraba icyatsi ibicuruzwa bishaje; ni ukubaza niba inkomoko yatunganijwe cyane, iyo ikoreshejwe neza kandi igenzura ubuzima bwuzuye, irashobora guhuza nuburyo bugezweho burambye. Igisubizo ntabwo yego cyangwa oya byoroshye - ni urukurikirane rwa 'biterwa' rushingiye kubisabwa, logique yo gusimbuza, hamwe no gucunga imyanda. Reka dukureho ibyo.

Inzira yo Kunonosora: Aho 'Byera' Bitangirira kubintu

Ntabwo amakara yamakara yose yaremewe kimwe. Ibintu biha icyiciro cyose izina ribi akenshi ni ibintu bitemewe cyangwa bitunganijwe byoroshye. Iyo tuvuze amakara meza yatunganijwe, byumwihariko kubikorwa byinganda, turimo kuvuga kubicuruzwa byakorewe distillation no kuvurwa kugirango bikureho ibice bihindagurika, bitetse cyane kandi byibanda kubintu byihariye bya aromatic. Urufunguzo ni urwego rwo gukuraho. Igicuruzwa kimeze nk'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru biva ku mutanga ufite ubumenyi bwimbitse - tuvuge, Hebei Yaofa Carbon Co., Ltd., imaze imyaka isaga 20 itunganya karubone - ni isi itandukanye na rusange, itunganijwe neza. Kwibanda kubintu bihoraho, byongeweho murwego rwohejuru rwa karubone hamwe na electrode bikenera ibiryo bifite imitungo iteganijwe. Uru rwego rwo kunonosora rugabanya guhinduka hamwe no kwibanda kumurongo wibibazo bitera urumuri-amaherezo, niyo ntambwe yambere, idashobora kuganirwaho ku cyifuzo icyo ari cyo cyose 'cyangiza ibidukikije'.

Aho reberi ihurira n'umuhanda iri gusimburwa. Imwe mungingo zifatika 'zangiza ibidukikije' ni mugihe ikibanza cyamakara yatunganijwe gikora nkigihuza anode ya karubone yo gushonga aluminium cyangwa muri electrode ya grafite. Igice cya 'urugwiro' kiragereranijwe. Niba ubundi buryo bwo guhuza bukomoka kumasoko mashya ya peteroli, impaka nuko gukoresha ibicuruzwa biva mu bicuruzwa (ibyuma byamakara) nuburyo bwa symbiose yinganda zongerera agaciro umugezi. Ntabwo 'bisukuye' muburyo bwuzuye, ariko birashobora kurushaho gukoresha umutungo kurwego rwa sisitemu. Uburyo bwa karubone mu gukora electrode nabwo bufunga igice kinini cya karubone muri matrise ihamye, bikagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mugihe cyo gukoresha ibicuruzwa ugereranije na binders idahamye. Nibiharuro byubuzima, ntabwo ari umutwe.

Nabonye imishinga isitara mukwirengagiza iyi mbago. Umukiriya yigeze gushaka gukoresha igiciro gihenze, cyanonosowe igice cyibicuruzwa byihariye bya karubone, bikururwa nigiciro cyo hejuru. Kudahuza mubyiza no guha agaciro kokiya byatumye umusaruro mwinshi wangwa, imyanda yingufu mugusubiramo itanura, kandi amaherezo, icyiciro cyanduye cyabaye inshingano yo kujugunya. Igiciro cyose cyibidukikije nubukungu cyarushije kure kuzigama kwambere. Ubunararibonye bwashimangiye kuri njye ko 'cyera' na 'binonosoye' atari ibicuruzwa byo kwamamaza hano; nibisabwa kugirango bikore neza no kugabanya imyanda hepfo. Ntushobora kuvuga kubijyanye nibidukikije niba ibikoresho byibanze bidahungabana.

Niche Porogaramu: Aho Impaka Zifata Amazi

Kurenga binini binini bya electrode ihuza, hari ahantu heza aho imitungo yamakara yatunganijwe bigoye rwose kuyisimbuza ubundi buryo 'bubisi' buboneka. Tekereza ibintu byihariye bya karubone byo mu kirere cyangwa ibikoresho byo gufunga ibintu byinshi. Muri ibi bihe, ibisabwa kugirango imikorere-itajegajega ikabije yubushyuhe, ubwikorezi bwihariye, ubudahangarwa - irakomeye cyane kuburyo ikirenge cya karubone cyo kunanirwa (igice kitujuje ibisobanuro kandi kigomba gukurwaho, cyangwa kashe yamenetse) cyangiza ikirenge cyibikoresho ubwabyo. Hano, 'ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije' bijyanye no kuramba no kuramba murwego rwo hejuru. Gukoresha subpar binder bishobora gusobanura ikintu kimara imyaka 5 aho kuba 20, bisaba gusimburwa kenshi nimbaraga zose zashyizwemo n imyanda ikubiyemo.

Ahandi hantu hakwiye kurebwa ni mugenzuzi, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gukora ibintu bya karubone ubwabyo. Isosiyete nka Hebei Yaofa Carbon, yibanda kuri electrode ya UHP grafite, ni mubucuruzi bwo guhindura binders muburyo bwa karubone nziza. Mu itanura ryabo, mu bihe bisobanutse neza, ibintu bihindagurika biva mu kibanza gitunganijwe bifatwa kandi bigakoreshwa nk'isoko rya kabiri rya peteroli mu gihe cyo gushyushya, bigashyiraho uburyo bwo kugarura ingufu zifunze. Igicuruzwa cyanyuma, grafite electrode, irashiramo kandi irakomeye mugukora ibyuma bya arc itanura ryamashanyarazi, nayo ubwayo ninzira irambye ugereranije nitanura gakondo. Urashobora gukurikira urunigi kurubuga rwabo kuri https://www.yaofatansu.com-Ni ubushakashatsi bwiza bwo guhuza inganda. Ibidukikije-inyungu ni indirect ariko nyayo: ituma ibyuma byongera gukoreshwa neza.

Twagerageje kandi gukoresha uduce duto cyane tunonosoye nkibibanziriza grafitike ya synthique muri bateri hashize imyaka mike. Igitekerezo cyari cyiza: ibiryo byuzuye, bihumura neza byashoboraga gutanga imiterere myiza. Kunanirwa gufatika kwari ukwera. Kurikirana umwanda wibyuma, ndetse no kurwego rwa ppm, byihanganirwa muri electrode ikora ibyuma nibyago kuri anode ya lithium-ion. Igiciro cyo kweza kugirango kibakureho cyahanaguye inyungu zose zibidukikije cyangwa ubukungu kurenza kokiya ya peteroli. Byari isomo rikomeye 'gutunganyirizwa inganda imwe' ntibisobanura 'gutunganywa kuri bose.' Porogaramu isobanura ibipimo.

Ingingo byanze bikunze zifatika: Ibyuka bihumanya nubuzima bwanyuma

Ntabwo ikiganiro ari inyangamugayo utiriwe uhura nibice bikomeye. Ikibazo cyibanze cyibidukikije hamwe amakara meza yatunganijwe ikomeza gutunganya no gutangiza ibyuka byangiza. Ndetse binonosoye, birimo PAHs. Mugihe cyo kuvanga, gukora, nintambwe yambere yo guteka, gufata umwotsi nibyingenzi rwose. Nasuye ibimera aho ibi bicungwa na scrubbing igezweho hamwe na okiside yumuriro, guhindura imyanda ishobora guhinduka imyuka ya CO2 hamwe numwuka wamazi-ubucuruzi, ariko bukagenzurwa. Nabonye kandi ibikoresho bishaje aho ibyuka bihumanya byoroshye. Ubushobozi bwibidukikije 'bushingiye kubidukikije' bushingiye rwose kuri iki gikorwa gikomeye. Binder ubwayo ntabwo ari inshuti; sisitemu ya injeniyeri hafi yo kuyikoresha irashobora.

Iherezo ryubuzima nizindi nzovu mucyumba. Anode ya karubone ikoreshwa mu nkono ya aluminium. Grade ya electrode igenda ihinduka okiside muri EAF. Ariko tuvuge iki kuri karubone cyangwa ibicuruzwa byihariye nyuma yubuzima bwabo? Ahanini ni inert ya karubone, bityo imyanda ikagira ibyago bike uhereye kumyanda, ariko biracyari imyanda. Kongera gukoresha ibyo bikoresho bigasubira mu gaciro keza ka karubone biragoye mubuhanga kandi bitarubukungu. Iki ni icyuho kinini mubitekerezo biramba. Igitekerezo cyiza kigezweho nuko ibyo bikoresho bifasha kuramba, gukoresha-gukora neza, gutinza uwo mwanya wanyuma wubuzima mumyaka mirongo. Ariko dukeneye ibisubizo byiza byo guta burundu cyangwa, nibyiza, kuzenguruka uruziga.

Aha niho ibiganiro byinganda bigomba kujya. Aho kuvuga ibirego bidasobanutse, intego igomba kwibanda kumibare iboneye: umwirondoro wihariye wa PAH wibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza n’ibicuruzwa bitavanze, igipimo cyo kugarura ingufu mu itanura rya kijyambere rya kijyambere, hamwe n’uburinganire bwa karubone bwuzuye bwibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza bishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitandukanijwe n’isugi. Ni akajagari, amakuru yihariye ya porogaramu, ariko nikintu cyonyine cyimura ikiganiro kirenze kwamamaza.

Inzitizi zo kugenzura no gutahura

Nubwo ikibazo cya tekiniki yo hasi-sisitemu-ngaruka gishobora gukorwa mugukoresha bimwe, uburyo bwo kugenzura no kwiyumvisha rubanda akenshi ni igikoresho kidahwitse. Mu nkiko nyinshi, 'amakara y’amakara' ni ijambo rikurura, guhuza uruganda rutunganijwe neza hamwe na gari ya moshi itunganijwe na creosote cyangwa kashe ya kaburimbo ishaje. Ibi birema inzitizi yo kurerwa, ndetse kubashakashatsi babona inyungu zikorwa. Kugendana ibi bisaba inyandiko zuzuye, impapuro zumutekano zitandukanya neza ibicuruzwa, kandi kenshi, mugice cya gatatu kugenzura imyirondoro yanduye mugihe ikoreshwa. Nibiciro byiyongereye kandi bigoye umuyobozi wese wumushinga agomba gupima.

Duhereye ku isoko, niyo mpamvu guhangana nabashinzwe gushinga ibintu bifite akamaro. Isosiyete ifite imyaka 20 mumikino, nkiyi yavuzwe haruguru, byabaye ngombwa ko ihuza imikorere yayo ninyandiko zayo kugirango zuzuze ibipimo bigenda bihinduka. Ibicuruzwa byabo bihoraho ntabwo bijyanye gusa nubwiza; nibijyanye no gutanga amakuru yizewe kubidukikije no kubungabunga umutekano. Iyo nsobanuye ibintu nkibi, nkeneye kumenya imyitwarire yabyo-ku-ntago ari inzira zanjye gusa, ahubwo ni uruhushya rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Utanga isoko utizewe hano ntabwo ashobora guhungabanya ibicuruzwa byanjye gusa; bahura nimpushya zanjye zo gukora.

Inzitizi yo kumva nayo ihagarika udushya. Biragoye kubona inkunga ya R&D kugirango itezimbere ibidukikije byibicuruzwa by 'amakara y’amakara kuruta kubindi bishingiye kuri bio, kabone niyo bio-alternatif ifite uburyo bwihishe bwo gukoresha ubutaka cyangwa gutunganya. Uku nukuri kumurima. Inzira ifatika cyane ni ugukomeza gutezimbere mubikorwa byashizweho, bifite agaciro-gakomeye, imikorere-ikomeye aho ibikoresho ari ngombwa, no kuba inyangamugayo muburyo bugarukira aho bugarukira.

Umwanzuro: Igikoresho, Ntabwo ari Panacea

Rero, ni amakara meza yatunganijwe ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije? Ni ikibazo kitari cyo. Nibikoresho byinganda byihariye bifite umwirondoro utoroshye. Muburyo bwihariye, bugenzurwa-cyane cyane nkibikorwa-bihuza cyane mubicuruzwa bya karubone na grafite aho ituma umutungo ukoreshwa neza, guha agaciro imyanda, hamwe nigihe kirekire-birashobora kuba igice cyinganda zirambye. Icyemezo cyacyo 'icyatsi' cyuzuye kandi cyuzuye, ntabwo cyigeze kibaho. Igikorwa cyo kunonosora nikintu gisabwa, kandi kugenzura imikorere mugihe cyo kuyikoresha nibyo bituma cyangwa byangiza inyungu zibidukikije.

Ubunararibonye-bwisi, uhereye kubigeragezo byananiranye hamwe nibikoresho bya batiri kugeza kubona ingufu zishyizwe hamwe mubihingwa bya electrode, byerekana itandukaniro rigaragara. Aho ikoreshwa nkigitonyanga-gisimbuye utumva imyitwarire yihariye, birananirana. Aho byinjijwe muburyo bukora neza, bufunze-bugenzurwa no kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere-nko mu gukora electrode yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yo gukora ibyuma by'amashanyarazi - isanga bifite ishingiro, kandi twavuga ko ari byiza, ahantu h'isi. Intego ntigomba kuba iyisubiramo, ahubwo kuyishyira mubikorwa neza, kuba inyangamugayo kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa byayo, no kwibanda ku guhora kugabanya ingaruka zayo kuva kuntambwe kugeza ku mva. Nubwoko bwonyine bw '' urugwiro 'bugenzurwa muruganda.