Gutegura Amakara

Aka gatabo gatanga incamake yuzuye ya Gutegura Amakara, gutwikira imitungo yayo, porogaramu, ibitekerezo byumutekano, namabwiriza. Wige uburyo butandukanye, ukoresheje mu nganda zitandukanye, hamwe n'akamaro k'amafaranga ashinzwe no guta. Tuzasesengura itandukaniro ubwoko butandukanye bwa Gutegura Amakara Kandi igufashe kumva uburyo wahitamo icyerekezo kubyo ukeneye. Aya makuru agenewe abanyamwuga nabantu bakorera cyangwa bakora ubushakashatsi Gutegura Amakara.

Ni ubuhe butumwa bwateguwe?

Gutegura Amakara ni ukuturuka kunozwa k'amakara tar, amproduct umusaruro w'amakara. Bitandukanye nigitambaro kibisi, kikaba uruvange rugoye rwa hydrocarbone, Gutegura Amakara Gutunganya kugirango ukureho ibice bimwe kandi ukore ibicuruzwa bihamye kandi binonosoye. Uku gutunganya kuzamura imitungo yayo kubisabwa byihariye. Ibigize Gutegura Amakara irashobora gutandukana bitewe nuburyo bwo gukora no gukoresha. Mubisanzwe birimo imvange igoye ya hydrocarbons ya polycyclic (pahs), zimwe muri zizwi karanti. Kubwibyo, gukora no kutita bigomba kubahiriza amasezerano yumutekano.

Ubwoko bwa coal yateguwe

Ubwoko bwinshi bwa Gutegura Amakara kubaho, buri kimwe gihurira muburyo bwihariye. Ibi bitandukana birashobora gutandukana muburiri bwabo, guhuzagurika, no kwibanda kubigize byihariye. Ubwoko bumwe busanzwe burimo:

Amakara Tar

Amakara Tar nigitonyanga gikomeye, cyoroshye, cyumukara cyakozwe nukugabanya ibice byinshi bihindagurika biva kumakara tar. Irasanga ibipimo byo gusakara, buringaniye, nibindi bikoresho byubwubatsi. Ibikubiyemo bya karubone bituma biramba cyane no kurwanya ikirere.

Coal Tar Creosote

Coal Tar Creosote nigice cyamazi gikomoka kumakara atatandukana. Umutungo wacyo urinda ukoreshwa cyane mu kuvura ibiti, kurinda iboze, kwanduza udukoko, no kubora. Ariko, kubera uburozi bwayo, imikoreshereze yacyo irashobora kurushaho gusezerana.

Ubundi buryo

Ubundi buryo bwa Gutegura Amakara zirahari kubisabwa byihariye, akenshi bihuhwa kubikenewe byinganda. Ibi birashobora kubamo ibice byamakara byamakara cyangwa kuvanga nibindi bikoresho kugirango wongere imitungo yihariye. Ni ngombwa kugirango ugishe ibitekerezo byibicuruzwa kugirango uhabe ko bikwiye gusaba runaka.

Porogaramu yo Gutegura Amakara

Gusaba Gutegura Amakara ni zitandukanye kandi zibaze inganda nyinshi:

Kubaka

Mu nganda zubwubatsi, Gutegura Amakara, cyane cyane amakara tar targe, ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo na kaburimbo itandukanye, ibikoresho byo gusakara, nibikoresho byo gusakara, hamwe na membranesroooi. Kuramba, kurwanya amazi, n'ubushobozi bwo guhambira ibikoresho bitera inkunga bituma bigira ibikoresho byubwubatsi. Ariko, amabwiriza y'ibidukikije aragenda agabanya imikoreshereze yayo kubera ibibazo bishoboka byibidukikije. Hebei Yaofa Carbone Co, Ltd. itanga ibikoresho byiza bya karubone.

Kubungabunga ibiti

Amakara Tar Creosote, imitungo yo kubungabunga ibirego mu nganda zo kubungabunga ibiti kugira ngo irinde ibiti byo kubora no gutera udukoko. Iyi porogaramu ikoreshwa cyane cyane yo gusinzira gari ya moshi, inkingi zingirakamaro, hamwe na marines, aho ibiti bihuye nibibazo bikaze. Ariko, imikoreshereze yacyo ubu ahanini igarukira kubera ibibazo byibidukikije no mubuzima.

Izindi nganda zikoresha

Gutegura Amakara isanga kandi porogaramu mu zindi nganda. Ibi birashobora gushiramo amata yihariye, electrode ya karubone, nibindi byinganda nintangiriro.

Umutekano wibanze n'amabwiriza

Gukemura Gutegura Amakara bisaba kubahiriza witonze ingamba z'umutekano. Ibice byinshi bya Gutegura Amakara ni uburozi na kanseri. Ibikoresho bikwiye byihariye (PPE), nk'abahutira, uturindantoki, n'imyambaro ikingira, igomba kwambara. Guhumeka neza ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde guhumeka imyotsi yangiza. Guta Gutegura Amakara igomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yose agenga ibidukikije. Buri gihe reba urupapuro rwumutekano (SDS) kubicuruzwa byihariye bikoreshwa. Gukorana bidakwiye birashobora kuganisha ku ngaruka zikomeye zubuzima hamwe nibidukikije.

Guhitamo Iburyo bwateguwe

Guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwa Gutegura Amakara Biterwa cyane no gusaba hamwe nibiranga byihariye bisabwa. Baza ibicuruzwa ibisobanuro kandi ukize ku mpuguke kugirango umenye neza ko uhitamo ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyo ukeneye kandi byubahiriza umutekano mutekano n'amabwiriza yose y'ibidukikije.

Umwanzuro

Gutegura Amakara, nubwo ibintu bitandukanye hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye, bisaba gukemura neza kubera uburozi bwayo. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye, ikoresha, hamwe namabwiriza yumutekano bifatika ningirakamaro kugirango akoreshe kandi yubahirizwe ibidukikije. Buri gihe ushyire imbere umutekano kandi wubahirize kubikorwa byiza kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zishobora kugabanuka.