Ndeapi mashandisirwo etar coal tar anoramba aripo? 

Paunonzwa tara yemarasha, pfungwa zhinji dzinosvetuka dzakananga kunhaka yayo mumapavha echikoro chekare kana sechinhu chinonetsa nechigadzirwa. Ndiwo maonero epamusoro-soro. Hurukuro chaiyo, iyo yatinayo pauriri hwezvirimwa uye mumarabhoritari eR&D, ndeyekudzvanya chidimbu chega chega cheukoshi kubva musanganiswa uyu wakaoma wehydrocarbon nenzira dzinoenderana nematenderedzwa echizvino-zvino. Izvo hazvisi zvekumutsidzira zvekare, asi nezve kutungamira zvimiro zvayo zvemukati-yakakwira kabhoni yemukati, inosunga kugona, kugadzikana kwemafuta-munzira dzemaindasitiri dzine musoro nhasi. Iyo inosimudzira angle haisi yegreenwash; i pragmatic, kazhinji gritty, maitiro ekutsvaga epamusoro-kukosha maapplication anobvisa mhandara zvinhu kana kugonesa kuita kwakakosha. Ngaticherechedze kuti izvo zviri kuitika chaizvo, zvipingamupinyi, uye chokwadi chaicho chisingaite kuti ive mabhurocha anopenya.

Kugadziridza iyo By-Chigadzirwa: Kubva Kumarara kuenda kuFeedstock

Danho rekutanga kuchinja kwepfungwa. Mumiti yakabatanidzwa yesimbi uye coke, marasha tara haisi kuraswa; ndiyo yekutanga feedstock yekabhoni indasitiri. Iyo nyaya yekusimudzira inotangira ipapo-kudzivirira kuraswa kwayo kana kupisa kuri nyore uye pachinzvimbo ichitora kuoma kwayo kwema molecular. Ndakaona mashandiro aingotarisana nekubvisa zvinhu, asi zvakachinja. Ikozvino, dhiraivha ndeyekuibata senzvimbo yekutanga yekukasira yezvinhu. Iyo kabhoni goho kubva kumarasha tar pitch, yekutanga kubva, yakakwira zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune yega yega tani yepitch inoshandiswa sebhainda kana inpregnation agent, uri kunyatso tora kabhoni muzvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri zvinogara kwemakore, kunyangwe makumi emakore. Iyo imhando yekutora kabhoni uye kushandiswa, kunyangwe iri maindasitiri.

Izvi hazvisi dzidziso. Makambani akabatanidza vertically, seHebei Yaofa Carbon Co., Ltd., anoshanda pamusimboti uyu. Neanopfuura makore makumi maviri pasi, vanoona kuyerera kubva paraw yemarasha kusvika kune yakapedzwa kabhoni zvigadzirwa kwete seakaparadzana maitiro asi sengetani yakabatana. Papuratifomu yavo pa yykuchefgen.com, unogona kutsvaga pfungwa iyi: ivo vanonyora marasha tar pitch seyepakati kabhoni yekuwedzera. Kushandiswa kwayo mukugadzira Graphite Electrodes yemagetsi arc furnace (EAF) kugadzira simbi muenzaniso wakanaka. Iyo pitch inosunga petroleum coke particles, uye kuburikidza nekubika uye graphitization, inova yakakosha, yepamusoro-inoshanda chikamu che electrode. Iro electrode rinobva ragonesa kugadzirwazve kwesimbi - yakakura denderedzwa hupfumi maitiro. Saka, iyo yemarasha tar inotorwa iri kugonesa kusimba kweimwe indasitiri.

Zvechokwadi, dhiyabhorosi ari mune tsanangudzo. Haasi tara yose yakaenzana. Iko kuumbwa kunosiyana zvakasiyana zvichienderana nekwakabva marasha uye tembiricha yekubikira. Kushandiswa kwakasimba kunofanirwa kuverengera kusawirirana uku. Isu tinopedza nguva yakawanda pahutongi hwemhando uye kusanganisa kurova chaiwo maratidziro eviscosity, kupfavisa poindi, uye quinoline-insoluble zvemukati. Batch yakakundikana pano haingorevi subpar chigadzirwa; inogona kureva musiyano pakati pe electrode inoita zvakanaka uye iyo inoputika nguva isati yakwana, ichiparadza simba rose rakaiswa. Saka, kushandiswa kwakasimba kunoenderana nekuoma, kwakavimbika kugadzirisa kutanga.

Iyo Workhorse: Coal Tar Pitch muCarbon Manufacturing

Kunyura mune yakanyanya kukosha application: sebhainda uye isina nhumbu. Kana iwe wakamboshanyira kabhoni chirimwa, kunhuhwirira hakukanganwiki-iyo inopinza, phenolic inonhuwira yepitch inopisa. Ndiyo glue yeindasitiri. Mukugadzira Graphite Electrodes (aya maUHP/HP/RP magiredhi anogadzirwa neYaofa), petroleum coke yakarukwa inosanganiswa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa yemarasha. Musanganiswa uyu wakasvibira unoumbwa uye unobikwa pa 800°C. Panguva yekubika, iyo pitch inopinda pyrolysis, ichishandura kuva carbonaceous coke inogadzira yakasimba, yakabatana chimiro. Iyi binder coke ndiyo inopa electrode simba rayo rekugadzira pamberi pe graphitization.

Iyo inogoneka chikamu ine-multi-layered. Kutanga, inoshandisa ne-chigadzirwa. Chechipiri, inogadzira chigadzirwa chakakoshera EAF kugadzira simbi, iyo inoshandisa ingangoita zana muzana simbi yakaraswa, inoderedza kuvimba nemoto unoputika. Chechitatu, magadzirirwo emagetsi emazuva ano anovavarira hupenyu hurefu uye kugona kwesimba kwepamusoro, izvo zvinoderedza zvakananga kushandiswa patani yesimbi. Isu tiri kugara tichigadzira maumbirwo epitch uye maitiro ekuisa pamuviri kuti tivandudze density uye kuderedza porosity, iyo inozowedzera iyo electrode oxidation kuramba. Kuwedzera kwe1% kwehupenyu hwemagetsi emagetsi kunoshandura kukuchengetedza kwakakura kwematoni emidziyo uye simba pasi pemvura. Ndirwo rudzi rwe granular, unsexy kusimudzira metric yatinoteedzera.

Kune zvakare basa rayo mukugadzira kabhoni additives senge Calcined Petroleum Coke (CPC) uye Graphitized petroleum coke (GPC). Pitch dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa sechirairo kana bhainda mune aya maitiro kusimudzira zvimwe zvivakwa. Pakunyunguditsa aruminiyamu, aya kabhoni anode (awo anoshandisa pitch sebhainda) mumwe musika mukuru. Kusundidzira pano kuri kudzikisa mwero wekushandisa kabhoni - mangani makg eanode anodyiwa patani yealuminium inogadzirwa. Zvirinani pitch mhando uye anode tekinoroji, inofambiswa nevatengesi vane ruzivo rwakadzama, inodzika yakananga iyo chiyero uye inosanganiswa kuburitsa.

Beyond Electrodes: Niche asi Yakakosha Zvikumbiro

Nepo maelectrode ari iwo mutungamiriri wevhoriyamu, mamwe eanonyanya kufadza ekushandisa ari munzvimbo dzakakosha. Yakanatswa marasha tar derivatives, senge naphthalene, anthracene, uye akasiyana-siyana magiredhi, anoenda muzvinhu zvepamberi. Imwe nzvimbo yandakabatanidzwa nayo ndeye carbon fibers. Yakanatswa, yakacheneswa zvakanyanya marasha tara makomba ma premium precursors ekugadzira isotropic kana mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers. Aya mafiber anoshandiswa mukukwirira-kumagumo ekudziya kwekutonga, aerospace, uye achiwedzera mune lightweight composite emotokari (kunatsiridza kushanda kwemafuta) uye mhepo turbine blades. Iyo kabhoni tsoka yekugadzira fiber kubva kune-chigadzirwa pitch inogona kunaka kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairika polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nzira, zvichienderana nemiganhu system. Iyo yakakwira-kukosha, inofambiswa-inofambiswa inoburitsa iyo inosimudzira tar yakasikwa inonhuhwirira chimiro.

Imwe iri mune refractory zvinhu. Pitch-bonded magnesia-kabhoni refractories mutsetse wesimbi kugadzira ladles uye converters. Ivo vanopa yakanakisa thermal shock resistance uye slag corrosion resistance. The Sustainability link? Upenyu hurefu hwemachira hunoreva kushomeka kudzokororwa, izvo zvinochengetedza mbishi, simba rekuisa, uye nguva yekudzikira. Iyo pitch pano inoshanda senge kabhoni donor, ichigadzira inodzivirira layer kubva kune oxidation. Isu takamhanyisa miedzo neakasiyana magiredhi kuti tikwidzise iyi in-situ kabhoni kugadzirwa, uye mibairo yacho inokanganisa zvakananga kushanda kwechigadzirwa chesimbi.

Ipapo kune kushomeka kushoma asi kwakakosha kushandiswa mumachira ekudzivirira. Coal tar epoxy, zvisinei nekutariswa kwezvakatipoteredza pamaPAH, inoramba isingaenzaniswi kune mamwe maapplication ekudzivirira ngura, semapaipi epasi pemvura kana kunyudzwa kwemvura yemarara. Nharo yekusimudzira pano ndeyekuwedzera kwehupenyu. Kuchengetedza simbi yemidziyo kwemakore makumi mashanu pachinzvimbo chemakumi maviri pasina kugadziriswa kunodzivirira kudzokororwa kwezvinhu uye mutengo wesimba wekutsiva. Iyo indasitiri, hongu, iri kushanda pane dzimwe nzira, asi kune mamwe mafungidziro, kuita kweakagadziridzwa marasha tar coating ichiri bhenji. Inyaya apo kushandiswa kwakasimba kunosanganisira kuomesera midziyo uye kutonga kwekushandisa kudzikamisa njodzi kwezvakatipoteredza uchiwana pundutso mukusimba kwezvivakwa.

Iwo Matambudziko uye Chaiyo-Nyika Zvipingamupinyi

Hapana nhaurirano yakatendeseka pasina zvipingaidzo. Chisungo chikuru kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza, kunyanya kutenderedza Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Mamwe maPAH ane carcinogenic. Izvi zvinomisa nhaurirano dzese pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemarasha tara. Kushandiswa kwakasimba, saka, kwakabatana zvisingaite kune yakavharwa-loop masisitimu, advanced capture tekinoroji, uye kuchengetedza kwevashandi. Muchirimwa chemazuva ano chekuchera distillation, iwe hausi kuona kubuda kunooneka kwemakumi emakore apfuura. Izvo zvinoputika zvinotorwa, uye zvinowanzo shandiswa sehuni mukati mekuita, kuvhara iyo simba loop. Iyo inorema pitch yakasara inova chigadzirwa. Iyo inodzorwa, ine maindasitiri maitiro.

Rimwe dambudziko nderekubudirira mune zveupfumi. Zvivako zvekuunganidza, kutakura, uye kunatsa marasha tara inowanisa mari. Kana iyo yekupedzisira misika (sesimbi) ichiderera, iyo yose system inomanikidzwa. Ndakaona mapurojekiti ekushandisa pitch mune kabhoni dema inotsiva kana seanoderedza mune mamwe simbi simbi maitiro akamira nekuti bhizinesi kesi rakaputika kana mitengo yemafuta yadonha. Kugadzikana kwechokwadi kunofanira kusimba mune zvehupfumi, kwete kungogoneka nehunyanzvi.

Kune zvakare tekinoroji muganho: isu hatigone kukwenenzvera kana kuchenesa zvachose. Iko kutsvaga kwepamusoro-kukosha kushandiswa kunowanzo kudhumhana mukuoma kwemukati uye kusiyanisa kwezvinhu. Kune yega yega nyaya yekubudirira mucarbon fiber, kune gumi nemaviri akakundikana zviedzo kuyedza kugadzira inopindirana precursor pitch kubva kune inosiyana feedstock. Apa ndipo pane basa neruzivo. Mugadziri akaita seYaofa, ane nhoroondo refu, angangovaka ruzivo rwakadzama rwemabatiro avo echigadzirwa chekudya, achivabvumira kudzikamisa mhando yechigadzirwa chavo-chinhu chisinga taurike chinodiwa chekushandisa kwakasimba muindasitiri.

Kutarisa Mberi: Kubatanidzwa uye Innovation

Ramangwana rekushandisa kwakasimba kwemarasha riri mukubatanidzwa kwakadzama uye makemikari ane hungwaru. Imwe nzira ndeyekubatana kwakasimba kwemahovhoni ecoke, tar distilleries, uye zvidyarwa zvekabhoni — kunyangwe nenzvimbo. Kudzikisira chekufambisa kunoderedza tsoka yese. Imwezve kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakagadziridzwa. Nekusanganisa kana kurapa zvishoma marasha tar pitch ine bio-based kana synthetic resin, isu tinogona kugadzirisa zvivakwa kune chaiwo maapplication tichigona kudzikisa iyo yakazara PAH mbiri. Aya mabhanhire ekugadzira anogona kuvhura magonhi muzvinhu zvitsva zvakaumbwa.

Ini zvakare ndiri kutarisa nzvimbo yakatenderedza ndichishandisa pitch-inotorwa kabhoni mukuchengetedza simba. Activated carbons kubva papitch for supercapacitors kana seanode zvinhu mumabhatiri ari anoshanda R&D nzvimbo. Iyo yakakwira kabhoni kuchena uye tunable porosity inoyevedza. Uku ndiko kunenge kuri kwekupedzisira redirect: a by-chigadzirwa kubva inorema indasitiri inova chikamu chekuchenesa simba tech. Iyo nzira refu kubva kuLab kuenda kugigafactory, asi musimboti wakasimba.

Pakupedzisira, kushandiswa kwakasimba kwe Coal tar hazvisi zvekutsvaga imwe yemashiripiti itsva application. Ivo vari kuda kukwenenzvera zvakatsiga basa rayo rakasimbiswa mumaindasitiri ekabhoni uye refractory, zvichiita kuti maitiro acho ashande uye agare kwenguva refu, uye kutonga zvine hungwaru mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Chinhu chinoda kuremekedzwa uye unyanzvi. Kukosha kwaro kunoratidzwa nekusimba kwezvigadzirwa zvinogadzira - electrode inonyungudutsa simbi yakaraswa kune skyscraper nyowani, refractory ine simbi yakanyungudutswa, iyo inodzivirira inodzivirira pombi. Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichocho, kuenderera kwayo, kushandiswa kwehungwaru inzira yepragmatic yeindasitiri symbiosis, kushandura nhaka ne-chigadzirwa kuita yakakosha inogonesa kutenderera kwemazuva ano ekugadzira.