Itha yelahle elungisiweyo: itekhnoloji kunye ne-eco trends? 

Uva itela yamalahle elungisiweyo kwaye uninzi lwabantu abangaphandle kwecandelo basenomfanekiso wesikolo esidala, ukusebenza kakubi kwemveliso. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Ayikokuqokelela nje into ephuma kwi-oven ye-coke kwakhona. Inxalenye elungisiweyo kulapho umdlalo wokwenyani ukhoyo ngoku-imalunga nokulungelelanisa into embi ukusuka ekuphumeni, ukuhambisa ijika le-distillation kunye nokwakheka ukuze ulungele iimfuno ezithile ezisezantsi, hayi nje ukuthengisa isixa esikhulu semveliso. Uxinzelelo abukho nje ubuchwephesha nokuba; koku kutyhala rhoqo phakathi kokufumana i-specs yokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwizinto ezinjengee-electrode ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nokungabethelwa kwiindleko zokuthotyelwa kwendalo. Sisenzo solungelelwaniso esibumbe ngokutsha lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela.

Inxalenye elungiselelweyo ayiloleyibhile nje

Xa sithetha malunga I-Coal teat ye-coal namhlanje, sithetha ngenene malunga neenkcukacha ze-feedstock. Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ikhontrakthi inokucacisa i-viscosity kunye nobuninzi. Ngoku, malunga nomxholo we-QI (Quinoline Insoluble), amaxabiso e-beta-resin, kunye nefestile yendawo yokuthambisa. Umahluko phakathi kwetar elungele ukuveliswa kwenaliti ye-coke ngokuchasene nenye yekhabhoni emnyama mkhulu, kwaye iqala ngendlela ophatha ngayo i-tar ekrwada evela kwigesi ye-oveni ye-coke. Ukuba awulawuli ubushushu bokuqala kunye nokuqokelela ngokufanelekileyo, utshixa kwi-QI ephambili eyona nto inzima ukuyiphatha kamva kusetyenziso oluphezulu. Ndibone izityalo apho bavele bagijima yonke into eshushu ukugcina imigca icacile, kodwa oko kubhaka kwiingxaki kuye wonke umthengi phantsi komgca ofuna izinto eziphantsi ze-QI zegraphite yeprimiyamu.

Kukho i-technical nuance apha ephoswayo. Ukutshintshela kwi-electric arc furnace steelmaking kuye kwaqhuba imfuno ye-UHP (Ultra High Power) ye-graphite electrode, ethi nayo ifune i-coke yenaliti ephezulu. Isandulela esiphambili saloo coke? Uhlobo oluthile lwe I-Coal teat ye-coal ngesakhiwo esinevumba elimnandi kunye nenkangeleko yokungcola. Akwanelanga ukuba netela; udinga itela elungileyo. Oku kunyanzelise abavelisi ukuba badibanise ngasemva, okanye ubuncinane basebenze ngokusondeleyo kakhulu kunye nezityalo zokupheka. Ayisekho ubudlelwane obulula bokuthenga. Abanye babadlali abadityanisiweyo ngakumbi, njengaye Hebei yaoofa carbon co., ltd., basebenzise amava abo okuvelisa ixesha elide ukulawula eli khonkco. Ngolwazi olunzulu lwezixhobo zekhabhoni kuzo zonke ii-electrodes kunye nezongezo, zinokucacisa iimpawu zetar ezifunekayo kumthombo, oluncedo olukhulu. Ungayibona le ndlela ibonakaliswe kwipotfoliyo yabo https: //wwww.yaoooooooooooooonyango - akukhona nje ukuthengisa i-tar okanye i-electrodes, kodwa ukuqonda ukuhamba kwezinto ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye.

Sizame iprojekthi kube kanye, sikhangela itela yegeneric ukusuka kwiicoker ezininzi ezincinci ukudibanisa umxube oqikelelwa ukuba ulungisiwe. Yayiyingcamango yokonga iindleko. Wasilela ngokulusizi. Ukungahambelani kwezinto ezikrwada-i-ammonia eyahluka-hlukeneyo, amanzi, i-particulate-yenze ukuvelisa imveliso ezinzileyo, e-spec-ready engenakwenzeka. Isixhobo sokuxuba sajika saba yi-chemical nightmare, kwaye i-coke ephuma kuyo yayingalindelekanga. Ukungaphumeleli kwezandla kwayiqhubela phambili ingongoma: ukungaguquguquki kuqala kumzuzu wokuqala wokuqokelela. Awunako ukulungisa itela ekrwada embi ngokulungiselela ezantsi komsinga; unganciphisa kuphela imiba ethile ngexabiso eliphezulu.

Ukutsiba kweTekhnoloji ayikho apho ubunokulindela khona

Uninzi lwezihloko ze-R&D ziya kwizicelo zekhabhoni ezikhanyayo, kodwa eyona nyani, iqhubela phambili I-coal tar I-tech iye yahlukana kunye nokuhlanjululwa. I-distillation ye-fractional ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-reflux ngoku luluhlu lwetafile. Izinto ezinomdla kubuchule bokutsalwa kwe-solvent ukukhupha izinto ezithile zexabiso eliphezulu njenge-carbazole okanye ioli ye-anthracene ngaphambi kokuveliswa kwe-pitch engundoqo, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokususa umlotha. Ii-Centrifuges ziye zaba ngcono, kodwa kwizinto ezinothuthu olusezantsi ngokwenene ezifunekayo kwi-lithium-ion ibhetri ye-anode precursors, amanyathelo onyango lwekhemikhali okanye obushushu ayafakwa. Yongeza i-capex, ngokuqinisekileyo.

Emva koko kukho icala ledatha. Ukulawulwa kwenkqubo kuye kwasuka kwii-PLC ezisisiseko ukuya kwiinkqubo ezisebenzisa i-viscosity yexesha langempela kunye nemilinganiselo ye-dielectric rhoqo ukulungisa iiparamitha zekholomu. Ivakala incinci, kodwa ukubetha indawo yokuthambisa ye-108 ° C ± 2 ° C ngokungaguqukiyo, ibhetshi emva kwebhetshi, yinto evumela umenzi we-electrode yegraphite ukuba aqhube iziko labo lokubhaka ngokufanelekileyo. Ukwahluka kwe-5 degrees kunokuphazamisa umjikelo wokubhaka kunye nobuninzi bokugqibela be-electrode. Ke itekhnoloji ihlala iyinto engathandekiyo, inkqubo eyongezelelweyo yenza lukhuni. Ayisiyonto yokuyila, imalunga nokungaguquguquki okungapheliyo, okunzima kunokuba kuvakala xa i-feedstock yakho iguquguquka ngokwendalo.

Enye ingxaki ethile esazamana nayo yayilulawulo lwenaphthalene kumaqhezu alula. Kwezinye iimeko zemarike, ukubuyisela kunye nokuthengisa i-naphthalene kunenzuzo. Kwezinye, yindleko. Umkhwa wetekhnoloji apha kukuguquguquka: ukuyila uloliwe wokuqala wokuntywila ukuze afumane kwakhona i-naphthalene cut ebukhali okanye ukuyiyeka ihlale kwiqhezu le-oyile yokusetyenzwa ezantsi, konke kusekwe kuqoqosho lwexesha lokwenyani. Ifuna uyilo lwekholamu enzima ngakumbi kunye nokutshintsha kwengqondo ukusuka ekuqhubeni inkqubo emiselweyo ukuya kwi-adaptive one. Ayizizo zonke izityalo ezindala ezinokwenza oku, nto leyo eyenza umahluko kwiimarike.

Uxinzelelo lwe-Eco luYila ngokutsha imephu

Masibe rhabaxa: ibali lokusingqongileyo elijikeleze itela yamalahle licela umngeni. Umkhwa awukona nje ukongeza ezinye izikhuseli okanye izityalo zamanzi amdaka-nangona iziko leendleko ezinkulu. Imalunga nomjikelo wobomi wonke oza kuqwalaselwa. Ii-VOCs (iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo zezinto eziphilayo) ezivela kwiitanki zokugcina, ii-PAHs (i-polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons) emoyeni wasemsebenzini, kunye nesiphelo sentsalela yepitch zonke ziindawo ezilawulayo. EYurophu naseMntla Melika, oku kukhokelele ekuvalweni kwezityalo okanye kwiimfuno ezinkulu zotyalo-mali. Intsingiselo iye, ngandlela ithile, ngokwezelizwe yatshintsha imveliso ethile yesitshixo izixhobo zekhabhoni ukuya kwimimandla enamaziko adibeneyo, anamhlanje akhiwayo okanye alungiswa ngokutsha ngolu lawulo engqondweni kwasekuqaleni.

Oku kudala i-paradox. Ulawulo olungqongqo lwendalo esingqongileyo lwenza ukuba imveliso ibize kakhulu, kodwa ikwanokwenza iprimiyamu yohlaza okanye ukulandeleka ngakumbi. I-Coal teat ye-coal. Abanye abathengi be-electrode ngoku bacela amaxwebhu kwindawo yokusingqongileyo ye-binder pitch abayisebenzisayo. Ayikabi yimfuno ephambili, kodwa isondele. Apha kulapho umenzi onomlinganiselo kunye neziseko zophuhliso zala maxesha anokuguqula iindleko zokuthobela zibe yinzuzo yemarike. Inkampani efana neHebei Yaofa Carbon, njengomvelisi omkhulu onamashumi eminyaka kumdlalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ijongene nolu xinzelelo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukutyala imali kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo, ukubamba umsi ophucukileyo, kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lwenkunkuma ayilohambo lulungileyo kuphela; iba ilayisenisi yokusebenza kunye nokwahlula okunokubakho kubathengi abaphantsi kwe-ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) uxinzelelo lwabatyali-zimali.

Ndikhumbula iprojekthi ye-retrofit yeyunithi ye-tar distillation apho umqhubi omnye weendleko ezinkulu wayengekho ikholomu entsha okanye i-heat exchangers-yayiyinkqubo yokubuyisela umphunga kunye ne-oxidizer ye-thermal ye-off-gases ukuhlangabezana nemithetho emitsha yomgangatho womoya. Iphinde kabini i-capex eqikelelweyo. Ityala leshishini lasebenza kuphela ngenxa yokuba sinokunyusa ngaxeshanye isivuno kunye nomgangatho wokusebenzela imarike ye-electrode ephezulu. Ngaphandle kwaloo mveliso yeprimiyamu, isityalo ngebesixingile. Ke imeko ye-eco inyanzelisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji, kodwa kuphela apho uqoqosho lwemveliso yokugqibela yexabiso eliphezulu inokuxhasa.

IMarike iyaqhekeka, Ayipheli

Imbono eqhelekileyo yangaphandle kukuba itela yamalahle lishishini lokutshona kwelanga. Akulunganga oko. Iyaqhekeka. I-generic, i-low-spec imathiriyeli yezibophelelo ezilula okanye i-fuel eneneni iphantsi koxinzelelo kwaye iyacutheka. Kodwa i-high-spec, yenziwe ngobunjineli ngokuchanekileyo I-Coal teat ye-coal kuba iimveliso zekhabhoni eziphambili ziyakhula. Umqhubi wemfuno yi-megatrend yombane: I-EAF steelmaking (i-graphite electrodes) kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion (i-anode inaliti coke). Zombini zidinga i-premium carbon, efuna i-premium precursors.

Oku kuqhekeka kuthetha ukuba ababoneleli kufuneka bakhethe indlela. Ngaba ungumsebenzisi onexabiso eliphantsi, okanye umvelisi wemichiza ekhethekileyo? Umhlaba ophakathi uya ucudiswa. Indlela ekhethekileyo ifuna inkonzo enzulu yobugcisa. Ayikokuhambisa nje itanki; imalunga nokusebenza kunye ne-R&D yomthengi kwindlela i-pitch yakho eziphatha ngayo kuyilo lwabo olutsha lwesithando somlilo okanye uqulunqo lwenoveli ye-anode. Kulapho amava abalulekileyo. Umthengisi owenza itar kuphela usenokungayiqondi indlela eziphatha ngayo kumjikelo wokubhaka womthengi. Umvelisi wekhabhoni odityanisiweyo ngokuthe nkqo uyakwenza. Leyo yixabiso elicacileyo kwiprofayili yenkampani efana ne-Hebei Yaofa's-iminyaka yabo engama-20+ bevelisa zombini izongezo zekhabhoni kunye nee-electrode zegraphite kuthetha ukuba babonile ukuziphatha kwezinto zabo kumthengisi kunye nokuphela komsebenzisi. Loo loop yengxelo ixabiseke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwemveliso.

Sikwabona izivumelwano zexesha elide, ezisebenzisanayo endaweni yokuthenga indawo. Umenzi we-electrode yegraphite akafuni ukungcakaza kwi-binder pitch quality etshintsha inyanga nenyanga. Bafuna iqabane elinokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokusebenza kuphuhliso oludibeneyo. Oku kutshixa kwiikhonkco zokubonelela kwaye kuphakamisa imiqobo yokungena. Ukhuphiswano olutsha aluyiyo enye i-tar distiller ezantsi kwendlela; zizinto ezizezinye ezifana nepetroleum pitch, okanye iinguqu ezinkulu ezifana necarbon-free steelmaking kwixesha elide kakhulu. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kunye neendleko zexabiso lekhabhoni esekwe ngamalahle kunzima ukubetha kwizicelo zayo eziphambili.

Ukukhangela Phambili: Imibuzo yokwenyani

Khona oku kusishiya phi? Ikamva le I-Coal teat ye-coal ixhomekeke kwimibuzo embalwa esebenzayo. Ngaba ishishini lingaqhubeka nokuphucula isivuno kunye nomgangatho ovela kwi-feedstock (amalahle) yona ngokwayo eguquguqukayo? Ngaba iindleko zokusingqongileyo zinokulawulwa ngaphandle kokubeka amaxabiso kwiimveliso zokugqibela ngaphandle kwemarike? Kwaye ingaba i-material ingabamba i-technical edge yayo ngokuchasene nezinye izinto ezisekwe kwi-petroleum, ngakumbi ukuba amaxabiso e-oyile ayaguquka?

Iindlela zetekhnoloji zinokujolisa kuhlalutyo oluqikelelweyo-ukusebenzisa idatha ye-feedstock ukwenza imodeli yeziphumo ze-distillation ngaphambi kokuba ibhetshi iqhube-kunye nokwahlulwa kwemolekyuli okucokisekileyo ukukhupha ixabiso eliphezulu kuwo onke amaqhezu. Iindlela ze-eco ziyakutyhalela kucalulo olupheleleyo lwe-mass-balance accounting kunye nokudityaniswa kokubanjwa kwekhabhoni kwizityalo ze-coking, eziya kuba lutshintsho kumdlalo womjikelo wobomi.

Ekugqibeleni, lishishini elichitha ulusu lwalo lwempahla. Ixesha I-Coal teat ye-coal isuka kwizinto ezicwangcisiweyo ezilula zibe yinto ekhethiweyo, icandelo elibaluleke kakhulu kwi-high-tech supply chain. Ukufaneleka kwayo ngoku kuboshwe ngokuthe ngqo kumgangatho kunye nokutsha kwimveliso yokugqibela yekhabhoni, nokuba yi-electrode enkulu enika amandla intsimbi yentsimbi okanye i-anode encinci kwibhetri ye-EV. Kuncinci malunga nokumba amalahle kunye nokunye malunga neemolekyuli zobunjineli. Abadlali abaluqondayo olo tshintsho, abanamava ezandla kulo lonke ikhonkco, ngabo abaya kuchaza iintsingiselo, hayi nje ukubalandela.