Itela yamalahle esulungekileyo esulungekileyo: izicelo ezilungele i-eco-friendly? 

Ubona 'itar esulungekileyo yamalahle' kunye 'ne-eco-friendly' kwisivakalisi esifanayo, kwaye ithuku lakho lokuqala linokuba kukugculela. Ndiyayifumana. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, ilifa letar yamalahle libotshelelwe kwishishini elinzima, ii-PAHs, kunye neentloko zokulungisa indalo. Kodwa oko kugxothwa okucingayo kuphosakele i-nuance yento 'esulungekisiweyo' eneneni ethetha kwimeko yeshishini namhlanje, nalapho inzululwazi yezinto eziphathekayo ithe cwaka yatyhala imida. Akunjalo malunga nokuhlaza imveliso endala; imalunga nokubuza ukuba i-derivative ecutshungulwe kakhulu, xa isetyenziswe ngokuchaneka kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lomjikelo wobomi, inokungena kwizikhokelo zozinzo zanamhlanje. Impendulo ayikho elula ewe okanye hayi-luluhlu 'luxhomekeke' ngokusekelwe kwisicelo, ingqiqo yokutshintsha, kunye nokulawulwa komjelo wenkunkuma. Masiyikhuphe loo nto.

Umda Wokucokisa: Apho ‘Ubunyulu’ buqala khona ukubaluleka

Ayiyiyo yonke itela eyenziwe yalingana. Izinto ezinika lonke udidi igama elibi zihlala zikrwada okanye zisetyenzwa kancinci. Xa sithetha itela yamalahle esulungekileyo, ngokukodwa usetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso, sibhekisa kwimveliso ethe yadistillation ebalulekileyo kunye nonyango lokususa amaqhezu aguquguqukayo, abilisa kancinci kwaye kugxininiswe kwiikhompawundi ezinuka kamnandi. Isitshixo ngumda wokususa. Imveliso efana ne-high-pitch binder evela kumboneleli onobugcisa obunzulu bezinto eziphathekayo-yithi, i-Hebei Yaofa Carbon Co., Ltd., eqhubela phambili i-carbon ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20-lilizwe elingaphandle kwetha yegeneric, engacocwanga. Ugxininiso lwabo kwizinto ezingaguquguqukiyo, eziphezulu ze-carbon additives kunye ne-electrodes zifuna i-feedstock eneempawu ezinokuqikelelwa. Eli nqanaba lokucokisa linciphisa ukuguquguquka kunye noxinaniso lwezona nxalenye ziyingxaki zokuphela kokukhanya, okuyinyathelo lokuqala, elingaxoxisiyo elibhekiselele kulo naliphi na ibango elinokubakho 'le-eco-friendly'.

Apho irabha idibana khona nendlela iya kutshintshwa. Enye yezona ngxoxo zibambekayo ‘zendalo-eco-friendly’ kuxa itela yetha esulungekisiweyo isebenza njengesibophelelo kwikhabhoni anodi yokunyibilikiswa kwealuminiyam okanye kwiielectrode zegraphite. Inxalenye ‘yobuhlobo’ iyathelekisa. Ukuba enye i-binder ithathwe kumlambo omtsha we-petroleum, ingxabano kukuba ukusebenzisa imveliso ephuma kwimveliso yentsimbi (itela yamalahle) luhlobo lwe-industrial symbiosis eyongeza ixabiso kumjelo wenkunkuma. ‘Ayicocekanga’ ngengqiqo epheleleyo, kodwa inokusebenza ngakumbi ngobutyebi kumgangatho wenkqubo. Inkqubo ye-carbonization kwimveliso ye-electrode iphinda ivalele inxalenye ebalulekileyo yekhabhoni kwi-matrix ezinzile, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinokubakho ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwemveliso xa kuthelekiswa nezibophelelo ezizinzile. Lubalo lomjikelo wobomi, hayi isihloko.

Ndibone iiprojekthi zikhubeka ngokungawuhoyi lo mda. Umxhasi wake wafuna ukusebenzisa itela enexabiso eliphantsi, esulungekiswe kancinci kwimveliso yekhabhoni ekhethekileyo, etsalwa lixabiso eliphantsi langaphambili. Ukungahambelani kwe-viscosity kunye nexabiso le-coking kwakhokelela ekukhatyweni kwemveliso enkulu, inkunkuma yamandla ekuhlaziyeni iziko, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ibhetshi engcolileyo eyaba yimfanelo yokulahla. Ixabiso lilonke lemo engqongileyo neloqoqosho lilodlula kakhulu ugcino lokuqala. Loo mava andiqinisele ukuba 'okusulungekileyo' kunye 'nokucokiswa' ayisiyontengiso ye-fluff apha; ziyimfuneko esebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma ezantsi komsinga. Awukwazi ukuthetha malunga nezicelo zokusingqongileyo ukuba izinto zakho ezisisiseko azinzanga.

Izicelo zeNiche: Apho Ingxoxo ibambe khona Amanzi

Ngaphaya kokudityaniswa kwe-electrode emikhulu, kukho iindawo ze-niche apho iipropathi zetela yamalahle esulungekisiweyo kunzima ngokwenene ukuyibuyisela enye ngoku ekhoyo 'eluhlaza'. Cinga iicomposites zekhabhoni ezikhethekileyo ze-aerospace okanye izixhobo zokutywina ezisebenza kakhulu. Kwezi meko, imfuneko yokusebenza-ukuzinza okugqithisileyo kwe-thermal, ukuhanjiswa okuthe ngqo, ukunganyangeki-kungqongqo kangangokuba i-carbon footprint yokusilela (inxalenye engahambelani ne-spec kwaye kufuneka ichithwe, okanye isitywina esivuzayo) incinci inyawo yesixhobo sokubopha ngokwaso. Apha, i-engile 'eco-friendly' imalunga nokuqina kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwisicelo esiphezulu. Ukusebenzisa i-subpar binder kunokuthetha ukuba icandelo lihlala iminyaka emi-5 endaweni ye-20, kufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo kunye nawo onke amandla adibeneyo kunye nenkunkuma ebandakanya.

Enye indawo ekufanele ijongwe kwiinkqubo ezilawulwayo, zobushushu obuphezulu bokuvelisa izinto zekhabhoni ngokwazo. Inkampani efana neHebei Yaofa Carbon, egxile kwi-electrode yegraphite ye-UHP, ikwishishini lokuguqula izibophelelo zibe ziziseko zekhabhoni ecocekileyo, eyikristale. Kwiziko zabo, phantsi kweemeko ezichanekileyo, into eguqukayo evela kwi-pitch ephuculweyo iyabanjwa kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa njengomthombo wamafutha wesibini kwinkqubo yokufudumala, ukudala inkqubo yokubuyisela amandla evaliweyo. Imveliso yokugqibela, i-electrode yegraphite, i-inert kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-electric arc furnace steelmaking, yona ngokwayo indlela ezinzileyo xa kuthelekiswa neziko lokuqhushumba kwendabuko. Ungalandela eli khonkco kwindawo yabo https: //wwww.yaoooooooooooooonyango-Sisifundo esilungileyo sokudityaniswa kwamashishini. I-eco-benefit ayithanga ngqo kodwa iyinyani: yenza kube lula ukurisayikilisha intsimbi.

Siye sazama ukusebenzisa amaqhezu asulungekiswe kakhulu njengesandulela segraphite yokwenziwa kwiibhetri kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ithiyori yayivakala: ukutya okuxineneyo, okunevumba elimnandi kunokuvelisa ulwakhiwo oluhle lomzobo. Ukusilela okubonakalayo kwaba bubunyulu. Ukulandelela ukungcola kwesinyithi, nakwimigangatho ye-ppm, enyamezelekayo kwi-electrode yokwenza i-steelmaking yintlekele kwi-lithium-ion battery anode. Iindleko zokucoca ukuzisusa zicime nayiphi na inzuzo yokusingqongileyo okanye yezoqoqosho ngaphezu kwepetroleum coke. Yayisisifundo esinzulu sokuba ‘ukusulungekiswa kwishishini elinye’ akuthethi ‘ukusulungekiswa kwabo bonke.’ Isicelo sichaza umgangatho.

Amanqaku okunamathela angenakuthintelwa: Ukukhutshwa kunye nokuphela koBomi

Akukho ngxoxo inyanisekileyo ngaphandle kokujongana neendawo ezinzima. Umngeni ophambili wokusingqongileyo nge itela yamalahle esulungekileyo kuhlala kukuphatha kunye nokukhutshwa kokusetyenzwa kokuqala. Nokuba icocwe, iqulethe ii-PAHs. Ngexesha lokuxuba, ukwenza, kunye namanqanaba okuqala okubhaka, ukubamba umsi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ndityelele izityalo apho oku kulawulwa ngokukhuhla kwe-state-of-art kunye ne-oxidizers ye-thermal, ukuguqula izinto ezingcolileyo ezinokuthi zibe yi-CO2 kunye nomphunga wamanzi-urhwebo, kodwa olawulwayo. Ndikwabone amaziko amadala apho ukukhutshwa kwembacu kubonakala khona. Amandla 'eco-friendly' wesicelo axhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kobu bungqongqo bokusebenza. Isibophelelo ngokwaso asinabuhlobo; inkqubo yobunjineli malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo ingaba.

Ukuphela kobomi yenye indlovu egumbini. Ikhabhoni anode ityiwa kwimbiza yealuminiyam. I-electrode yegraphite ifakwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-EAF. Kodwa kuthekani ngeengxube zekhabhoni okanye iimveliso ezikhethekileyo ekupheleni kobomi babo? Ubukhulu becala ziyikhabhoni ye-inert, ngoko ke ukugcwaliswa komhlaba kusemngciphekweni ophantsi ukusuka kumbono we-leaching, kodwa kuseyinkunkuma. Ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kwezi mathiriyeli kwixabiso eliphezulu lekhabhoni ngumceli mngeni kwaye akukabikho qoqosho. Lo ngumsantsa omkhulu kwingxelo ezinzileyo. Eyona ngxabano yangoku kukuba ezi zixhobo zivumela ubomi obude, usetyenziso oluphezulu, ukulibazisa loo mzuzu wokuphela kobomi amashumi eminyaka. Kodwa sifuna izisombululo ezingcono zokulahla okanye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwesetyhula.

Apha kulapho ingxoxo yoshishino kufuneka ihambe. Endaweni yamabango angacacanga, kufuneka kugxininiswe kwiinkcukacha ezingafihliyo: iprofayili ethile ye-PAH yemveliso esulungekisiweyo ngokuchasene nekrwada, amazinga okubuyisela amandla kwiziko lokubhaka lale mihla, kunye nentsalela yekhabhoni epheleleyo yemveliso esekwe kwitela esulungekisiweyo ngokuchasene nemveliso esekwe yintombi engenye. Imdaka, idatha ethe ngqo kwisicelo, kodwa kuphela kwento ehambisa incoko ngaphaya kwentengiso.

Imiqobo yoLawulo kunye neyokubona

Nokuba imeko yobugcisa yempembelelo yenkqubo esezantsi inokwenziwa kusetyenziso oluthile, isakhelo solawulo kunye nesembono yoluntu sisoloko sisixhobo esibuthuntu. Kwiindawo ezininzi, 'itela yamalahle' ligama eliqalayo, elidibanisa isibophelelo esisulungekileyo semizi-mveliso esinezibophelelo zikaloliwe ezenziwe nge-creosote okanye izitywini zepavumente ezindala. Oku kudala umqobo ekuthatheni umntwana ongamkelwanga, kwanakwiinjineli ezibona inzuzo yokusebenza. Ukujonga oku kufuna amaxwebhu acokisekileyo, amaxwebhu edatha yokhuseleko ahlula ngokucacileyo imveliso, kwaye kaninzi, ukuqinisekiswa komntu wesithathu kweeprofayili ezikhutshwayo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Yindleko eyongeziweyo kunye nobunzima ukuba nawuphi na umphathi weprojekthi kufuneka alinganise.

Ukusuka kwimbono yokukhangela, yiyo loo nto ukujongana nabavelisi abasekiweyo kubalulekile. Inkampani eneminyaka engama-20 kumdlalo, njengaleyo ikhankanywe ngaphambili, kuye kwafuneka ilungelelanise iinkqubo zayo kunye namaxwebhu ukuze ihlangabezane nemigangatho eguqukayo. Ukuhambelana kwemveliso yabo akukhona nje malunga nomgangatho; imalunga nokuvelisa idatha ethembekileyo yokuthotyelwa kwendalo kunye nokhuseleko. Xa ndikhankanya imathiriyeli efana nale, kufuneka ndiyazi indlela yokuziphatha kwayo kwibhetshi-to-batch hayi nje inkqubo yam, kodwa mvume yam yokusingqongileyo. Umthengisi ongathembekanga apha akabiki emngciphekweni imveliso yam; babeka emngciphekweni ilayisenisi yam yokusebenza.

Umqobo wokuqonda ukwacinezela ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Kunzima ngakumbi ukukhusela inkxaso-mali ye-R&D ukuphucula iprofayili yokusingqongileyo yemveliso ‘yetela yamalahle’ kuneyenye into esekwe kwibhayoloji, nokuba i-bio-alternative ineempembelelo zayo ezifihlakeleyo zokusebenzisa umhlaba okanye ukusetyenzwa kwayo. Le yinyani yentsimi. Eyona ndlela iphambili yepragmatic kukuqhubeka nokuphucula ngaphakathi kwezicelo ezimiselweyo, zexabiso eliphezulu, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni apho izinto ziyimfuneko, kunye nokunyaniseka ngokukhohlakeleyo malunga nemida yayo kwenye indawo.

Isiphelo: Isixhobo, hayi iPanacea

Kunjalo, kunjalo itela yamalahle esulungekileyo i-eco-friendly? Ngumbuzo ongalunganga. Yimpahla ekhethekileyo yoshishino eneprofayili enzima. Ngokucacileyo, izicelo ezilawulwayo-ngokuyinhloko njenge-binder ephezulu kwimveliso yekhabhoni kunye ne-graphite apho ivumela ukusebenza kakuhle kobutyebi, i-waste stream valorization, kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide-inokuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yoshishino oluzinzileyo. Ubungqina bayo 'buluhlaza' buxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwimeko kunye nenkqubo, ayinakuze ibe yendalo. Inkqubo yokucoca iyimfuneko, kwaye ulawulo lokusebenza ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwayo yinto eyenza okanye iphule nayiphi na inzuzo yokusingqongileyo.

Amava ehlabathi langempela, ukusuka kwiimvavanyo ezingaphumelelanga kunye nezixhobo zebhetri ukubona ukubuyiswa kwamandla adibeneyo kwizityalo ze-electrode, kubonisa ulwahlulo olucacileyo. Apho isetyenziswe njengendawo yokulahla ngaphandle kokuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kwayo ethile, iyasilela. Apho idityaniswe kwinkqubo edibeneyo yobunjineli, i-loop evaliweyo kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lwe-emissions-efana nokuveliswa kwee-electrodes eziphezulu ze-steelmaking yombane-ifumana indawo echanekileyo, kunye nokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo. Injongo ayifanelanga ibe kukuyihlaziya kwakhona, kodwa kukusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo, ukunyaniseka malunga norhwebo lwayo, kunye nokugxila okungapheliyo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yayo ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya engcwabeni. Lolo kuphela uhlobo ‘lobuhlobo’ olubambekayo phantsi koqwalaselo kweli shishini.